Experts said damage beyond the borders of Hungary was unlikely to be great but the threat had to be monitored closely.

Tibor Dobson, a spokesman for Hungarian disaster crews, told Reuters there were sporadic fish deaths in the Raba and the Mosoni-Danube rivers. He said all fish had died in the smaller Marcal River, which was hit by the spill first.

Crews were working to reduce the alkalinity of the spill, which poured out of the burst containment reservoir of an alumina plant on Monday and tore through local villages, killing four people and injuring over 150. Three are still missing.

The spill’s alkaline content when it reached the Raba, the Mosoni-Danube and the Danube itself, was still around pH 9 — above the normal, harmless level of between 6 and 8.

Fresh data from the water authority on national news agency MTI showed pH levels peaking at 9.65 in the Mosoni-Danube river at the city of Gyor. They were measured at 8.4 in the Danube.

Crews were puring hundreds of tonnes of plaster and acetic acid into the rivers to neutralise the alkalinity.

A resident stands next to a destroyed bridge in the flooded village of Kolontar, 150 km (93 miles) west of Budapest, October 5, 2010. Hungary declared a state of emergency in three western counties on Tuesday, the day after a torrent of toxic red sludge from an alumina plant reservoir tore through local villages, killing four people and injuring 120. Click here for the full story REUTERS/Bernadett Szabo

In Gyor, a city in the northwest of Hungary where the Raba flows into the Mosoni-Danube, a Reuters reporter saw white froth on the river and many dead fish washed ashore.

Philip Weller, executive secretary to the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR), a Vienna-based U.N. body, said most damage was local.

“It is clear that the consequences of this are greatest in the local area and that the implications on a trans-boundary level, we understand, will not be significant which doesn’t mean they don’t exist,” he said.

“The Hungarian authorities took a number of measures to reduce the toxicity, they added substances to neutralise the material, they also constructed some underwater weirs to slow the mud and maintain it and contain it as much as possible in the Hungarian territory of the river system.”

It also helps that the Danube is a large river with a very high volume of water, he added.

Gabor Figeczky, Hungarian branch director of the WWF environmental group said:

“Based on our current estimates, it (pollution) will remain contained in Hungary, and we also trust that it will reach Budapest with acceptable pH values.”

Downstream from the disaster site, the Danube flows through or skirts Croatian, Serbian, Bulgarian, Romanian, Moldovan and Ukrainian territory en route to the Black Sea.

Hungary declared a state of emergency in three counties on Tuesday after the torrent of caustic waste sludge from bauxite refining hit Kolontar, Devecser and other villages 160 km (100 miles) west of Budapest.

Prime Minister Viktor Orban visited Kolontar on Thursday and said there was no point in even removing the rubble from part of the village as it was impossible to live there again.

“It is difficult to find the words. Had this happened at night, everybody would be dead,” he told reporters.

“CATASTROPHE“

“This is an unprecedented ecological catastrophe in Hungary. Human error is more than likely. The wall (of the reservoir) did not disintegrate in a minute. This should have been detected.”

MAL Zrt, owner of the Ajkai Timfoldgyar alumina plant and the burst reservoir, said the last inspection of the reservoir on Monday had shown nothing wrong.

Disaster crews, military and local villagers were clearing away the rubble and searching for the three missing people.

Many people suffered burns and eye ailments caused by the caustic mud. The flood, estimated at about 700,000 cubic metres (24 million cubic feet), swept cars off roads and damaged bridges and houses.

MAL said it hoped to restart production at its alumina plant at the weekend with a new sludge containment pond.

Many people in Kolontar said they would not move back to their houses as they did not feel secure.

“I hung in the sludge for 45 minutes... It had a strong current that almost swept me away but I managed to hang on to a strong piece of wood from the pigsty,” said Etelka Stump.

“But I could hardly breathe because that air, that smell, that froth really hit me. I know what it’s like because I worked in the bauxite factory for 17 years.”

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Oct. 8, 2010