MORSI SUPPORTERS CALL FOR PROTEST MARCHES AS CRACKDOWND DEATHTOLL RISES IN EGYPT
Abigail Hauslohner and Sharaf al-Hourani
CAIRO — Supporters of ousted president Mohamed Morsi called Thursday for protest marches after a violent government crackdown triggered clashes across Egypt, leaving more than 500 people dead and the promise of a speedy transition to democracy in tatters.
The Muslim Brotherhood, which backs Morsi, urged followers to demonstrate late Thursday afternoon in Cairo’s Nasr City district not far from the Rabaa al-Adawiya Mosque, scene of some of the worst violence Wednesday. The Brotherhood issued the call in defiance of a state of emergency declared by the military-backed interim government, which took power following a July 3 coup that deposed the country’s first democratically elected president after a tumultuous year in office.
The Egyptian Health Ministry said Thursday that at least 525 people were killed and more than 3,700 injured in Cairo and other cities and towns in Wednesday’s violence. It began when security forces used bulldozers, tear gas and gunfire in an early morning assault to clear two pro-Morsi encampments in the capital, sparking violent reactions elsewhere. The Interior Ministry said the dead included 43 members of police forces.
It was the deadliest day in Egypt since the 2011 uprising that toppled autocrat Hosni Mubarak, and the fallout dealt a further blow to the prospect that the country might resume its path toward democracy. At least 37 died in clashes in the conservative oasis town of Fayoum; the tolls from other cities were not immediately available.
By nightfall, the interim government had declared a month-long state of emergency, and Mohamed ElBaradei, the Nobel Peace Prize winner and vice president, had tendered his resignation in protest over the bloody crackdown.
The United States strongly condemned the violence and said it would hold the interim Egyptian government accountable for its promises of a speedy transition to a democratically elected civilian administration. Washington also criticized the imposition of a state of emergency.
Egypt’s Foreign Ministry on Thursday defended the state of emergency as a necessary measure under dire circumstances.
“If you don’t impose a state of emergency in a situation like this, when are you going to impose it?” said Hatem Seif al-Nasser, deputy foreign minister for European affairs, at a briefing for foreign news media.
Ministry officials played for the reporters a video montage of state television footage and what appeared to be military aerial footage showing protesters using automatic weapons and hurling stones.
Echoing earlier government claims, they said police exercised maximum restraint. The officials said they were unaware of lethal gunshots fired by police at the heads and torsos of Wednesday’s protester victims.
“Is there any footage of this?” Nasser asked. Told there was extensive footage and photo evidence online, he said: “It think it should be made available to the authorities.”
“The issue is who started firing. This is the most important issue,” said Badr Abdelatty, a Foreign Ministry spokesman.
The ministry said it did not know the whereabouts of top Muslim Brotherhood leaders who were reported arrested Wednesday.
Asked how badly ElBaradei’s resignation had hurt the interim government, Nasr Kamel, another Foreign Ministry official, said: “We are not supposed to answer this question. This is a political question.”
Hundreds of Morsi-allied Muslim Brotherhood members were arrested nationwide after the dawn assault, the Egyptian government said. The authorities blamed the Islamist group for the violence and said police had confiscated guns, ammunition and other weapons from the protest sites at Rabaa al-Adawiya and Nahda squares.
The raid brought bulldozers crashing through protesters’ tents as security forces opened fire through clouds of smoke and tear gas. Witnesses later posted footage showing dozens of bodies lining the rooms of a makeshift hospital run by Morsi supporters outside the Rabaa al-Adawiya mosque.
Mohamed el-Beltagi, a top Brotherhood politician whose teenage daughter was among those killed, said security forces had sacrificed their legitimacy by carrying out the attack, and he demanded that any soldier “must take off his uniform’’ or be considered a “tool” of the government. He warned that the spreading violence could quickly turn Egypt into a new Syria, where an ongoing conflict has killed more than 100,000 people.
Egypt’s interim interior minister said Brotherhood supporters later stormed several provincial headquarters across the country and set as many as seven Christian churches ablaze. The sectarian attacks reflect Islamist anger over the strong backing for the military shown by many members of Egypt’s Christian minority.
Authoritarian approach
The sprawling tent cities of men, women and children had been erected by Brotherhood supporters to demand the reinstatement of Morsi, Egypt’s first democratically elected president. On Wednesday evening, the interim prime minister and the interior minister said security forces had acted with the utmost “self-restraint” after six weeks of unauthorized sit-ins by Morsi’s supporters.
In addition to scores of protesters, the dead included at least two journalists, one of them a cameraman for Britain’s Sky News network.
The large-scale arrests of Muslim Brotherhood members echoed the authoritarian approach adopted by the government during the Mubarak era, when the Islamist group was banned and heavily repressed. The Brotherhood’s Freedom and Justice Party, which backs Morsi, had emerged after Mubarak’s fall as the country’s strongest political force. But the group’s popularity plummeted under Morsi, as Egyptians complained of a sinking economy and little political reform.
The party said the death toll in the crackdown is far higher than the government acknowledges, putting the number at more than 2,000. The figure could not be verified.
In his letter of resignation, ElBaradei, the vice president, stopped short of criticizing the security forces or military directly. But he said it had “become difficult for me to hold responsibility for decisions that I do not agree with, whose consequences I fear.’’
“I cannot be responsible for one drop of blood in front of God, and then in front of my conscience, especially with my faith that we could have avoided it,” ElBaradei said in the letter to Adly Mansour, the interim president.
Speaking from Martha’s Vineyard, where President Obama is vacationing, deputy press secretary Josh Earnest said “the world is watching” events in Cairo. He said the White House had urged the interim government and all parties in Egypt “to refrain from violence and resolve their differences peacefully.”
The military has held Morsi and his top aides, as well as other prominent Islamist leaders, virtually incommunicado since the coup. Last month, Egyptian prosecutors said they were investigating the former president on charges of murder and treason.
Morsi supporters outside Rabaa al-Adawiya acknowledged Wednesday morning that they had heard the government’s warnings of a raid for weeks. They said black-clad riot police and plainclothes men in flak jackets moved into the camps about 7 a.m., confronting protesters from multiple side streets with a barrage of tear gas and then gunfire.
Local television footage showed protesters streaming out of the Rabaa al-Adawiya sit-in Wednesday evening, some of them running with children, their hands held up in surrender, as security forces pushed further into the camp. Footage posted online also purported to show pro-Morsi demonstrators firing assault rifles.
The attacks set off retaliatory clashes and protest marches. Crowds of Morsi supporters marched toward eastern Cairo in the late morning, running into a barrage of gunfire as they confronted police lines. Others hurled stones and molotov cocktails as they clashed with anti-Islamist civilians elsewhere in the capital and in cities across this vast nation of 85 million.
The state-run Middle East News Agency said Muslim Brotherhood supporters set fire to the government headquarters in the coastal city of Alexandria and attacked government offices in the Nile Delta city of Damanhour. In the southern Islamist stronghold of Beni Suef, Morsi supporters occupied the provincial headquarters and took three soldiers hostage, state media said.
Government officials said Egypt’s stock market and banks were closed and would remain so through Thursday.
On the ground
In Cairo, Islam Fathi, a 20-year-old university student from the Nile Delta town of Mansoura, was among the Morsi supporters who had manned a sandbag perimeter overnight at the Rabaa al-Adawiya site. He said protesters had begun to relax after dawn prayers when the police assault began.
Fathi said he and others fled to a nearby cafe but were confronted by police, who struck them and ordered them toward a van. “They took our money and our phones,” he said. Several of the detainees were released, he said; others were not.
By late morning, tents were torn and strewn about at the site as military helicopters circled overhead. By Wednesday night, TV footage showed fires burning across vast swaths of Cairo’s neighborhoods, where clashes had raged.
“I was here every day. There was no violence inside,” one female bystander said. “I’d come for a few hours, then go home.’’
Not far away stood a line of hulking blue trucks, the kind used to haul prisoners that had been ubiquitous during protests under Mubarak. “Anybody who speaks any small words, they take them in the police vans,” said the woman, who didn’t have a chance to give her name because a sudden barrage of tear gas sent her and other bystanders running for cover.
As noon approached, a protester declared, “We’ve started a new beginning. It was peaceful before. I don’t think it will be peaceful now.”
William Branigin in Washington contributed to this report.