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Boyd Haley Ph.D., University of Kentucky, Professor and Chairman, Department of Chemistry speaks out on the dangers of mercury amalgam at a protest in front of the American Dental Association's Chicago headquarters Sept. 7. To view clip, select between the 56K or broadband versions. http://www.dentalproducts.net/webextra/protest.html

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Studies have shown that the level of mercury in the developing organs and tissues of the fetus positively correlate with the number of occlusal mercury amalgam restorations in the mother's mouth. The EPA recently reported that "About 8 percent of women of childbearing age in the United States have concentrations of mercury in their body at levels of potential concern."

Shouldn't that be enough to advocate discontinuing the use of mercury amalgam fillings in pregnant women and women of child bearing age? Not if your the American Dental Association.

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Maine Governor Angus King probably said it best when he compared the current use of mercury in dental fillings with the 1950's use in shoe stores of powerful x-ray machines called fluoroscopes, which exposed hundreds of thousands of adults and children to high doses of toxic x-rays.

"Every child who went into the shoe store to buy new shoes would put his feet into the fluoroscope so the bones could be seen," King recalled. "People who worked in the store were exposed to the radiation all day; children played games around the machine. Now we realize it was a terrible thing to do, but then it seemed perfectly normal. Some day we will wonder how we could ever have put such a toxic substance into the human mouth." (see Maine and Amalgam)

Compare this to the industry view on mercury amalgam:

The bulk of dental amalgam research and development efforts, Warsow noted, has had nothing to do with trying to reduce the mercury content. "Most of the science has been focused on changing the ratio of silver, tin, and copper, as well as adding other metals, such as palladium, to improve polishability and create a material with optimal, controlled expansion." (Greg Warsow, product manager for Kerr Dental's line of amalgam alloys).

By contrast the American Dental Association states "The ADA supports ongoing research in the development of new materials that it hopes will someday prove to be as safe and effective as dental amalgam."

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Parents:

The next time you take your child to the dentist to have a cavity filled and they recommend silver amalgam, ask your dentist "what restoration material they use on their own children and why?". If they answer "ceramic or composite because they are white and match the color of the teeth unlike silver amalgam fillings", ask yourself "is it really just for cosmetic reasons or is it simply because your dentist doesn't want to place as much as 500 mg of mercury, the most toxic, nonradioactive metal known to man, 5 centimeters from their own child's brain?". Which reason do you really believe? More importantly, why is mercury amalgam good enough for your child but not for your dentist's own children?

"In my opinion, the available data indicate that amalgam should be avoided whenever possible...The often cited tolerance of amalgam in relation to technique may in part be explained by dental education. Dentists learn how to place amalgam correctly in school. I wonder if this fact isn't the source of our problems with composites still today." Dr. Gary Unterbrink

http://www.ada.org/public/topics/newtopics/whitefillings.html

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Questions:

How is it that the only place mercury is safe is in the mouth?

How can the FDA and EPA honestly believe they are protecting the general public from environmental mercury exposure when they crack down on emissions from coal fired electric utilities and limit the consumption of seafood while at the same time they completely ignore the most prevalent source of environmental mercury exposure in the non-occupationally exposed population, dental 'silver' amalgam fillings? (see Exposure)

Between these three sources, which do you feel is the most unnecessary, easiest to control or prevent, and the least beneficial? (see Fish)

Why isn't the truly mercury free silver amalgam restorative developed jointly by the Dental and Medical Materials section of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the ADA (with tax payer dollars) being used in the U.S. even though their own research showed that "hand consolidated silver equals or exceeds the transverse rupture strength, shear strength, creep, toughness, corrosion resistance, microleakage, cyclic contact fatigue, and wear properties of conventional mercury amalgam"? (see NIST)

How can mercury amalgam be considered a safe and effective dental restorative when, according to Dr. Gary Schumacher, a dentist and chief of clinical research at the American Dental Association Health Foundation's Paffenbarger Research Center, secondary cavities that form under or adjacent to conventional (amalgam) fillings are "probably the biggest problem facing most dentists today"? Dr. Schumacher estimates more than half of the fillings done by dentists are necessitated by secondary tooth decay. (see Amalgam and Cavities)

And finally, after seeing all of the following scientific and medical data refuting the safety of dental amalgam, ask yourself "What does the American Dental Association's 'Seal of Approval' really stand for?" (see ADA)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

What's New

History of Mercury Toxicity

By Mats Hanson

Swedish expert on dental amalgams

Amalgam Economic, Durable, Debatable

By Gail Weisman

Dental Products Net

Mercury in Dental Amalgams: An Examination Of the Science

Committee on Government Reform

Rep. Dan Burton, R-Indiana, Chairman

Hearing: November 14, 2002

The latest research on mercury release from dental amalgam

From the IADR/AADR/CADR 80th General Session (March 6-9, 2002) San Diego, California

Conclusions from studies:

"There are measurable exposures to mercury from dental amalgam which persist over at least two years beyond placement, and additional exposures do result in increased measurable HgU levels. These findings are consistent with current metabolic models of low level Hg exposure and excretion but do not reflect anything about the health effects of low level Hg exposure in children with no previous exposure to any restorative material."

"Results show considerable amounts of residual mercury in wastewater lines from large dental clinics. TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) analysis shows waste lines to be capable of leaching mercury over RCRA limits making them subject to hazardous waste disposal regulations under RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)."

Review of Dr. Baratz testimony before the Florida Dental Board

By Dr. Ralph Dougherty

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry

Florida State University

Dr. Boyd E. Haley

Chair, Department of Chemistry

University of Kentucky

The Food and Drug Administration speaks out on the safety of mercury amalgam.

"FDA and other organizations of the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) continue to investigate the safety of amalgams used in dental restorations (fillings). However, no valid scientific evidence has ever shown that amalgams cause harm to patients with dental restorations."

To see a listing of published studies on the safety of mercury amalgam restorations see Published Studies. Note the lack of funding for or participation by the USPHS and FDA in any of these studies.

FDA's Hypocracy by Cindy H. Dubin, Managing Editor, Pharmaceutical Formulation and Quality

The Relationship of the Toxic Effects of Mercury to Exacerbation of the Medical Condition Classified as Alzheimer's Disease

By Boyd E. Haley Ph.D., Professor and Chair, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY

Dr. Boyd E. Haley Responds to Newspaper Articles Concerning Elevated Blood Mercury Levels in Rescue Workers at the World Trade Centers

Mercury Amalgam Wastes - The Primary Source of Mercury Pollution in Our Nation's Waterways

"The average dentist's office produces up to a kilogram of mercury waste every year, according to estimates. Environment Canada says it all adds up to about two tonnes of toxic material – the same amount that coal-fired power plants spew into the air."

Although several sources contributing to the domestic mercury concentrations have been identified, human wastes (feces and urine) from individuals with dental amalgam fillings are believed to be the most significant source — greater than 80 percent.

Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies

Evaluation of Domestic Sources of Mercury August 2000

Mercury - toxic going in and coming out

Mercury Wastes, Just Another of the Many Problems Associated with Mercury Amalgam

From the Regional Water Quality Control Plant (RWQCP) which treats wastewater from the East Palo Alto Sanitary District, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Mountain View, Palo Alto, and Stanford California.

The Environmental Compliance Division maintains a Pretreatment Program for control of industrial dischargers and also regulates many commercial dischargers.

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The Naval Dental Research Institute Tackles the Problem of Mercury Amalgam Wastes

http://www.dentalmercury.com/home.html

The ADA, dental amalgam manufacturers and dentists aren't the only ones with something to lose if mercury amalgam restorations are banned.

The HALITOSIS ( Hg Approximate Levels In Teeth Or Sputum) Informational Screening program

From Tekran Inc., a world leader in the production of instruments for measuring trace levels of mercury.

Congresswomen Diane Watson (D-Los Angeles) Takes the California Dental Association to Task over the Mercury in Dental Filling Disclosure and Prohibition Act

Dr. Murray J. Vimy DMD Responds to Dr. Robert M. Anderton DDS, President of the American Dental Association

The ADA Responds to Testimony Given by Dr. Boyd Haley at Hearings Chaired by Representative Dan Burton Regarding the Safety of Mercury in Dental Amalgam

Dr. Boyd Haley PhD responds to the letter from Robert M. Anderton, D.D.S., J.D., L.L.M. and President of the ADA, challenging his statement to the Committee on Government Reform looking at the topic, Autism-Why the Increased Rates? A One Year Update

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Mercury Toxicity Slide Show

Toxic Effects of Mercury on Central Nervous System Nucleotide Binding Proteins: Potential Role in Alzheimer’s Disease

By Boyd E. Haley Ph.D. and J. Curt Pendergrass Ph.D.

Alzheimer's Disease and Mercury

Published Studies Showing the Link Between Alzheimer's Disease, Mercury and Dental Amalgam

Retrograde Degeneration of Neurite Membrane Structural Integrity of Nerve Growth Cones Following In Vitro Exposure to Mercury

By Christopher C. W. Leong, Ph.D., Naweed I. Syed, Ph.D., Fritz L. Lorscheider Ph.D.

Mercury Exposure Produces AD-Like Pathology In Vitro

Mercury Induces Cell Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress and Increases b-Amyloid Secretion and Tau Phosphorylation in SHSY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells

By Drs. G. Olivieri, Ch. Brack, F. Müller-Spahn, H. B. Stähelin, M. Herrmann,P. Renard, M. Brockhaus and C. Hock

Mercury Amalgam and the American Dental Association

The Contrasting Legal and Public Positions of the American Dental Association on the Safety and Use of Mercury Amalgam

Amalgam Composition

From Dentsply-Caulk, the makers of Dispersalloy®, "The world's most widely used alloy".

Sources of Environmental Mercury Exposure

From the World Health Organization

Heart Disease and Mercury

Marked Elevation of Myocardial Trace Elements in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Compared With Secondary Dysfunction

A published study by Drs. Frustaci, A., Magnavita, N., Chimenti, C., Caldarulo, M., Sabbioni, E., Pietra, R., Cellini, C., Possati, G.F. and Maseri, A.

TOXIC TEETH: THE CHRONIC MERCURY POISONING OF MODERN MAN

By Dr. Murray J. Vimy DMD

Clinical Associate Professor

Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary.

Published Mercury Amalgam Studies

Selected Studies on the Release and Toxicity of Mercury from Dental Amalgam Published in Peer Reviewed Scientific, Dental and Medical Journals With Links to the National Library of Medicine for Complete Abstracts and to Order Copies of Complete Articles with Loansome Doc.

Amalgam Quotes

Kindly provided by Dr. John Roberts B.Ch.D.

Dental Amalgam: A Scientific Review and Recommended Public Health Service Strategy for Research, Education and Regulation

Final Report of the Subcommittee on Risk Management of the Committee to Coordinate Environmental Health and Related Programs, Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, January 1993.

Find a Mercury Free Dentist

Mercury Safety Products and Treatment Protocols

Mercury Amalgam Safety Products for Dentists

From Mercury Safety Products Ltd.

What about the patients?

Mercury Exposure and the Dentist

From Mercury Safety Products Ltd.

MERCURY DETOXIFICATION PROTOCOL

By Charles Williamson, M.D.

Boca Raton, Florida

Institute of Anti-Aging Medicine

Treatment of Mercury Intoxication

By Barry Diner, MD

Chief Resident, Department of Emergency Medicine

The Brooklyn Hospital Center

Safe Handling of Mercury and Mercury Compounds

Environmental Health and Safety Manual

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Volume II: Health & Safety Hazards and Controls

Safe Amalgam Removal

International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology

Protocol for Mercury/Silver Filling Removal

From the Preventive Dental Health Association

Chemistry and Toxicity of the Different Mercury Species

Mercury Toxicity and How it Affects our Health

Mercury Review

Mercury in the Environment

Mercury in General Including Elemental Mercury (Hg0)

Mercury (II) Chloride (HgCl2)

Methylmercury (CH3Hg+)

Dimethylmercury

The Trembling Edge of Science

Losing world-class chemist Karen Wetterhahn to mercury poisoning redrew the boundaries of safety and risk.

BY KAREN ENDICOTT

Mercury in Massachusetts: An Evaluation of Sources, Emissions, Impacts and Controls.

By C. Mark Smith

Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection

Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury

Mercury - Physical and Chemical Properties

From WebElements

Mercury In Medical Facilities

From the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Purdue University

Mercury Review

From the North Carolina Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance

Mercury Rising

Deforestation and gold mining in the Amazon basin cause the release of toxic metal.

By Randall C. Willis

Today's Chemist at Work

March 2001, Vol. 10, No. 03, pp 30-36

Mercury Resources

From the North Carolina Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance

The Nutritional Toxicology of Heavy Metals: Cadmium and Mercury

From Cornell University Animal Science Department

Detection of Mercury in Body Tissues and Fluids and Relation to Dental Amalgam

Commercial Laboratories Performing Mercury Analysis

Doctors Data Incorporated

Specialty Laboratories

Great Smokies Diagnositic Laboratories

Mayo Medical Laboratories

ARUP Laboratories

Mercury and selenium concentrations in maternal and neonatal scalp hair: relationship to amalgam-based dental treatment received during pregnancy.

Razagui IB, Haswell SJ.

University of Hull Postgraduate Medical School, Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hull Maternity Hospital, United Kingdom.

Field study on the mercury content of saliva

By Drs. P.Krau and M. Deyhle , K.H. Maier, E. Roller, H.D. Wei, Ph. Cldon

Universitt Tbingen, Institut fr Organische Chemie

IS THERE A RELATION BETWEEN SELENIUM IN BLOOD AND SUBJECTIVE SYMPTOMS SELF-RELATED TO DENTAL AMALGAM?

By Drs. Paul Johan Höl, Nils R. Gjerdet, Rune Eide, Jan S. Vamnes, Rolf Isrenn

Department of Odontology, Dental Biomaterials, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

Mercury concentration in amniotic fluid and relation to amalgam fillings

G. CAMPUS, P. LUGLIÈ, G. SPANO, G. CHESSA, and S. DESSOLE,

University of Sassari, Italy, Zooprophilactic Institute, Sassari, Italy

Blood and Hair Mercury Levels in Young Children and Women of Childbearing Age --- United States, 1999

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, CDC

March 02, 2001 / 50(08);140-3

Assessment of Commercial Laboratories Performing Hair Mineral Analysis

Sharon Seidel, PhD; Richard Kreutzer, MD; Daniel Smith, DrPH; Sandra McNeel, DVM; Debra Gilliss, MD

JAMA. 2001;285:67-72

Measuring Mercury

Mercury Amalgam View Points - Pro and Con

Amalgam Debate - A Lawyer's View

By Christopher A. Bomba, J.D.

The Mercury In Your Molars Is Safe. Right?

By Wesley E. Shankland, II, DDS, MS, PhD

Past President, American Academy of Head, Neck and Facial Pain

Science and the Safety of "Silver Fillings"

By Per Dalen MD

The Fallacies of Statutory Informed Consent (pertaining to amalgam installation)

By G. Scott Crowther

The Safety of Dental Amalgam

By Richard F. Mascola, D.D.S.,

President, American Dental Association

The Amalgam Controversy. An Evidence-Based Analysis.

By John E. Dodes, D.D.S.

J Am Dent Assoc 2001 Mar;132(3):348-56

Toxic Television: The Mercury Amalgam Scam

By Dr. Stephen Barrett

Priorities Magazine, Volume 3 Number 4 1991

American Council on Science and Health

Mercury Amalgam Wastes -The Primary Source of Mercury Pollution in Our Nation's Waterways

From the City of Palo Alto, California Environmental Compliance and Regional Water Quality Control Plant

Separation of Mercury from Amalgam Wastes

Mercury Pollution Prevention

Dental Offices and Mercury

What Can a Dental Office Do to Help?

Mercury Pollution Publications

Mercury Amalgam Treatment Technologies for Dental Offices

A pair of ignominious `honors': Southborough-based dental group criticized for mercury pollution

By Michelle Muellenberg

The MetroWest Daily News

Response of the American Dental Association to the Problem of Mercury Pollution from Amalgam Waste

Evaluation of Domestic Sources of Mercury

Household Mercury Poses National Clean Water Compliance Concerns - August 2000

Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies

Dental Mercury - Pollution Prevention and Waste Management Practices for the Dental Office

Presentation to the Bay Area P2 Group

February 14, 2001

Dental Mercury Environmental Issues

From the Naval Dental Research Institute

Separation of Mercury from Amalgam Waste

From Amalgam Separation Systems

Dentists urged to do more to curb mercury pollution. But industry says disposal of amalgam filling waste poses little danger

By Lisa Stiffler

SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER REPORTER

Mercury report targets dentists. Calls on industry to keep toxin from going down drain

By Beth Daley, Globe Staff

Boston Daily Globe

Dentists' mercury could hurt environment

By Marjory Sherman

Eagle-Tribune Writer

King County regulations for dental wastewater discharged to the sewer

From King County, Washington Wastewater Treatment Division

Mercury Removal Industries Dependent On The Continued Use of Mercury Amalgam Restorations

E-mail from Dr. Al Dube

Solmetex Inc.

The fight against toxic mercury in the global environment

The Environmental Magazine

Friday, August 16, 2002

By Jim Motavalli

Landfills Make Mercury More Toxic

Janet Raloff

Science News Online Week

Canada-wide Standards: A Pollution Prevention Program for Dental Amalgam Waste

Luke Trip, B.Sc. Chem.

J Can Dent Assoc 2001

Dentist The Menance? The Uncontrolled Release of Dental Mercury

From the Mercury Policy Project

Expose' shows dentists among largest users of mercury and wastewater polluters

Press Releases on the Safety and Use of Mercury Amalgam

Dentists to post cancer warnings. Advisory will warn patients of exposure to mercury, other chemicals

By Suzanne Bohan, STAFF WRITER

Tri-Valley Herald

Saturday, December 14, 2002

Silver fillings, free speech spur debate

By ANDY DWORKIN

The Oregonian, 03/08/02

Biting Back

Local activists say your mercury amalgam fillings could be poisoning you. And they're fighting the ADA to prove it.

By Juliet Fletcher

Mercury in the Mouth –The debate over dental amalgams

By June Chua and Amina Ali

Canadian Broadcasting Company

Mercury Filling Warnings Worthwhile

MAINE VOICES: Thursday, June 27, 2002

By Kathleen McGee

Mercury report targets dentists. Calls on industry to keep toxin from going down drain

By Beth Daley, Globe Staff

Boston Daily Globe, 6/5/2002

Mercury fills may be ailing dentists

Dentists had excess mercury in their urine and nails: study

Fill it up, but with what?

Dentists divided over safety of 'silver' fillings but more are turning to other methods

Dr. Boyd E. Haley Responds to Newspaper Articles Concerning Elevated Blood Mercury Levels in Rescue Workers at the World Trade Centers

Tooth Aches - Mounting evidence suggests something the dental establishment doesn't want to hear -- your fillings may be making you sick

By Mark K. Anderson for the Advocate

The Valley Advocate

Filling Sick Lately?

By L.A. McKeown

WebMD Medical News

Health risks of mercury in fillings debated

By Karen Brandon

Chicago Tribune national correspondent

Published August 22, 2001

Are ‘silver’ dental fillings safe? Your Environment drills into the controversy

By Francesca Lyman

SPECIAL TO MSNBC

Dentists Battle `Gag' on Warning About Mercury

By Kathryn Kranhold

May 10, 2001

The Wall Street Journal, Page B1

A Debate on Mercury in Fillings

By AMY PYLE

Los Angeles Times

Monday, October 25, 1999

Mercury Amalgam Toxicity. Your next visit to the dentist may not be as innocent as you think

By Jim O'Brien

Life Extension Magazine

May 2001

Does The First Amendment Apply To Dentists?

By Dr. Mark A. Breiner D.D.S.

Hartford Courant, Page A 15

June 25, 1999

The ADA's Response to Dr. Breiner

By John S. Zapp D.D.S.

Executive Director

American Dental Association

Kids at Risk. Chemicals in the environment come under scrutiny as the number of childhood learning problems soars

By Sheila Kaplan and Jim Morris

U.S. News and World Report

Cover Story 6/19/00

CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO RESOLUTION

Urging Mercury Elimination

RESOLUTION. FIRST STEP TO A MERCURY-FREE LOS ANGELES

A Toxic Treatment? Activists warn of tooth fillings they say carry mercury risk

By PETER WARD Sun Staff

Lowell Sun Article Friday, November 30, 2001 - 10

Chemistry and Toxic Effects of the Different Mercury Species

Mercury Toxicity and How it Affects our Health

From Mercury Safety Products Limited

TOXICITY SUMMARY FOR MERCURY

Robert Young, Ph.D.

Chemical Hazard Evaluation Group in the Biomedical and Environmental Information Analysis Section

Health Sciences Research Division

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

The Nutritional Toxicology of Heavy Metals: Cadmium and Mercury

From Cornell University Animal Science Department

The Trembling Edge of Science

Losing world-class chemist Karen Wetterhahn to mercury poisoning redrew the boundaries of safety and risk.

BY KAREN ENDICOTT

Mercury in the Environment

by C. Mark Smith

Mercury in General Including Elemental Mercury (Hg0)

Mercury (II) Chloride (HgCl2)

Methylmercury (CH3Hg+)

Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury

Mercury - Physical and Chemical Properties

From WebElements

Mercury Review

From the North Carolina Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance

Mercury Rising

Deforestation and gold mining in the Amazon basin cause the release of toxic metal.

Randall C. Willis

Today's Chemist at Work

March 2001, Vol. 10, No. 03, pp 30-36

Mercury Resources

From the North Carolina Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance

Mercury In Medical Facilities

From the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Purdue University

Fish - Primary Mercury Source or Convenient Scapegoat?

Fish Consumption and Risk of Stroke in Men

JAMA, Vol. 288 No. 24, December 25, 2002

Fish in Moms' Diets Fuel Growth of Newborn Brains

Association between prenatal exposure to methylmercury and developmental outcomes in Seychellois children: effect modification by social and environmental factors.

Mercury in Seafood

From the Mercury Policy Project

Eat Fish for Healthy Pregnancy

Low consumption of seafood in early pregnancy as a risk factor for preterm delivery: prospective cohort study

Commercial Fish: Eat Up, Despite Low Levels Of Mercury

Fish oil may reduce risk of irregular heartbeat

Blood Levels of Long-Chain n–3 Fatty Acids and the Risk of Sudden Death

Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women

N-3 and N-6 fatty acids in breast adipose tissue and relative risk of breast cancer in a case-control study in Tours, France.

Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Fish Consumption - Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Cognitive Function

Intake of Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Stroke in Women

Fatty fish consumption and risk of prostate cancer

Fish Consumption and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death

The Legal Position of the American Dental Association on the Safety of Mercury Containing Dental Amalgam

Mercury Toxicity

From the World Health Organization

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF Hg, Ag, Sn, Cu, Zn AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN AMALGAM REMOVED FROM AN ABUTMENT TOOTH UNDERNEATH A GOLD ALLOY BRIDGE THAT HAD BEEN IN VIVO FOR NINE PLUS YEARS

By Gilbert H. Jackson, III, BS Chem, JD Law.

http://www.ibiblio.org/amalgam/

Health Care Hyperlinks

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