Obama, GOP Appear to Reach Late Deal
Lori Montgomery, Paul Kane, Jerry Markon, The Washington Post
While a deal has been reported, it is not clear when the House will vote. The deal appears to punt the scheduled spending cuts down the road for two months while dealing with taxes and an extension of unemployment benefits. As we have seen through this whole process, there are always twists and turns, so don't be surprised if there are more to come. - SMG/RSN
resident Obama and Senate Republicans reached a sweeping deal late Monday that would let income taxes rise significantly for the first time in more than two decades, fulfilling Obama's promise to raise taxes on the rich and averting the worst effects of the "fiscal cliff."
Vice President Biden arrived at the Capitol just after 9 p.m. to explain the details of the pact he negotiated with Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.). A Senate vote on the package could be held by 10:30 p.m., beating a midnight deadline, Democratic aides said. The Republican-controlled House will begin considering the bill on Tuesday, with a final vote expected in the next day or two.
The agreement came together after negotiators cleared two final hurdles involving the estate tax and automatic spending cuts set to hit the Pentagon and other federal agencies later this week. Republicans gave ground on the spending cuts, known as the sequester, by agreeing to a two-month delay paid for in part with fresh tax revenue, a condition they had resisted. White House officials yielded to GOP wishes on how to handle estate taxes, aides said.
The revelations about the pending deal came after Obama had said a pact was "within sight," and House Republican leaders announced they would hold no votes Monday night, making it appear that that the nation would go over the fiscal cliff for at least a day. The two sides have been negotiating frantically to avert the automatic spending cuts and tax increases set to kick in on Tuesday, which many economists believe would push the nation back into a recession.
Around 9:15 p.m., Biden emerged from the office of Senate Majority Leader Harry M. Reid (D-Nev.) and walked with the Senate leader into a corridor, past a bank of television cameras broadcating the images live.
"Happy New Year!" the vice president said to awaiting reporters. "Don't you love spending New Year's Eve here?"
Biden then proceeded into a conference room for a meeting with his former Senate colleagues expected to last at least an hour.
Regardless of the emerging agreement, many Americans are all but certain to face a broad hike in taxes starting Tuesday because of the expiration of the payroll tax cut, which was enacted in 2011 as a temporary measure to boost economic growth. The increased payroll taxes, combined with hikes affecting the very wealthy, would effectively mark the end of a prolonged period of declining taxation that has become a defining characteristic of the American economy.
The pact came after a day of intensive negotiations and political battles between the two sides, with Obama urging lawmakers to "stop taxes going up for middle-class families, starting tomorrow," and calling on them to remain focused on the needs of the American people rather than politics.
In what the White House billed as an event with middle-class Americans, Obama said the potential agreement would prevent federal income taxes from rising on middle-class families, extend tax credits for children and college tuition, provide tax breaks to clean-energy companies and extend unemployment insurance for 2 million Americans.
He would have preferred to "solve all these problems in the context of a larger agreement," the so-called grand bargain, that would have dealt with spending in a "balanced way," he said.
"But with this Congress, that was obviously a little too much to hope for at this time," Obama said, adding that perhaps "we can do it in stages."
Congressional Republicans immediately pushed back, objecting to comments that one GOP senator described as "heckling Congress."
The president made the remarks as negotiators were moving closer to a deal but were still hung up on spending, with Democrats resisting Republican proposals for spending cuts that would come in exchange for delaying automatic spending cuts at federal agencies for just three months.
As Obama prepared to deliver remarks about the fiscal cliff at the White House, negotiators for the administration and McConnell appeared to have nailed down many of the most critical tax issues, including a plan to let taxes rise on income over $450,000 a year for couples and $400,000 a year for individuals, according to people in both parties familiar with the talks.
McConnell said after Obama's speech that he and Biden spoke multiple times Monday morning since their first 6:30 a.m. call and managed to resolve their differences on taxes. But he echoed Obama's contention that the two sides had not yet resolved a dispute about whether to delay automatic spending cuts. McConnell urged Congress to pass the tax agreement -- and debate replacing the so-called "sequester," as the automatic spending cuts are known, in coming months.
"We'll continue to work on finding smarter ways to cut spending, but let's not let that hold up protecting Americans from the tax hike that will take place" on New Year's Day, he said. "We can do this. We must do this."
Under the proposed accord, households earning less than $450,000 would largely escape higher income tax bills, though couples earning more than $300,000 a year and individuals earning more than $250,000 would lose part of the value of their exemptions and itemized deductions, under the terms of the emerging agreement.
Low-income households would also benefit from a five-year extension of credits for college tuition and the working poor first enacted as part of Obama's stimulus package in 2009. And businesses would see a variety of popular tax breaks extended, including a credit for research and development.
The tax on inherited estates would rise from 35 percent to 40 percent, though Democrats agreed to keep in place the current exemption for estates worth up to $5 million. And nearly 30 million households would be protected from paying the costly alternative minimum tax for the first time -- either on their 2012 tax returns or at any time in the future. The developing agreement calls for a permanent fix.
The two sides also appeared to have reached consensus on unemployment benefits, with Republicans acceding to Democratic demands to keep benefits flowing to the long-term unemployed for another year. Medicare payments would not be cut for doctors next year, and the cost of preserving those programs would not be offset with other spending cuts.
However, negotiators were still at odds over how to handle the automatic "sequester" spending cuts, which are set to decimate budgets at the Pentagon and other federal agencies in the New Year. Democrats initially demanded that the cuts be delayed until 2015, but Republicans balked, arguing that the cost of any delay should be covered through additional spending cuts.
Instead of delaying the cuts for two years, at a cost of more than $200 billion, Republicans suggested delaying the sequester for three months -- at a cost of $33 billion, according to people close to the talks. It was unclear Monday whether the hang-up was the brevity of the extension or the need to identify offsetting spending cuts.
All told, the proposal would raise roughly $600 billion in new revenue over the next decade from the wealthiest 2 percent of households -- less than Obama had been seeking, and less than House Speaker John A. Boehner (R-Ohio) had offered in negotiations earlier this month. But the new tax revenue was a first step, Democrats said, toward asking the wealthy to do their part in reducing record budget deficits.
In the House, Republicans once again met Monday evening with little information and no idea what to expect in the coming hours. Boehner convened his party conference together, but little was discussed regarding fiscal matters.
Rep. Steve LaTourette (R-Ohio), a key Boehner ally, derided the emerging agreement as "small-ball'' and said "everybody involved should be embarrassed.''
But he left open the possibility that a bill passed by the Senate with no additional spending cuts could still pass the House. If such a bill is presented to the House, "the math becomes different, because then you would think that the president would bring a number of Democrats along. And then it's just a question of how many Republicans."
Rep. Michele Bachmann (R-Minn.) said she and her colleagues would quickly return if a Senate deal suddenly materializes.
"The House is here. We are here, we passed a same-day rule so that if something happens, we're here, we'll come up until 11:59 and 59 seconds," she said. "We're here in the city, no one's going anywhere, we're here and we're ready. We've done our work in August. Now Harry Reid and the president need to do their work as well."
In his remarks in the South Court Auditorium of the White House with a contingent of middle-class Americans standing behind him, Obama highlighted progress in the fiscal cliff talks by noting that "just last month Republicans in Congress said they would never agree to raise tax rates on the wealthiest Americans." He continued: "Obviously, the agreement that's currently discussed would raise those rates, and raise them permanently."
But he warned that "we still have deficits that have to be dealt with," and he stressed that tax hikes represent only one part of the fiscal cliff.
"I want to make clear that any agreement we have to deal with these automatic spending cuts that are being threatened for next month, those also have to be balanced," Obama said. "And that means the revenues have to be part of the equation in turning off the sequester and eliminating these automatic spending cuts."
He added: "Now, if Republicans think that I will finish the job of deficit reduction through spending cuts alone ... that will hurt seniors, or hurt students, or hurt middle- class families without asking also equivalent sacrifice from millionaires or companies with a lot of lobbyists, et cetera, if they think that's going to be the formula for how we solve this thing, then they've another think coming. That's not how it's going to work. We've got to do this in a balanced and responsible way. And if we're serious about deficit reduction and debt reduction, then it's going to have to be a matter of shared sacrifice."
Americans "need us to all stay focused on them," Obama said. "Not on politics. Not on, you know, special interests."
Minutes after Obama spoke, Sen. Bob Corker (R-Tenn.) took to the Senate floor to denounce Obama's suggestion that Congress consider new tax dollars as an acceptable offset to delaying the sequester spending cuts.
"I know the president has fun heckling Congress," he said of Obama's speech. "It's unfortunate that he doesn't spend as much time working on solving problems as he does with campaigns and pep rallies."
A top aide to House Majority Leader Eric Cantor (R-Va.) tweeted that Obama was making a deal harder with his speech, in which he observed that he would be president for the next four years and that Republicans have already caved on higher taxes for the wealthy. Both comments drew hearty campaign-style applause from his audience.
"If Obama's goal was to harm the process and make going over the cliff more likely, he's succeeding," tweeted Doug Heye.
A top aide to McConnell charged that Obama had changed the terms of negotiations in his speech.
"Potus just moved the goalpost again. Significantly. This is new," wrote Josh Holmes, McConnell's chief of staff.
Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) delivered a blistering critique, accusing Obama of seeking short-term political gain at the expense of the nation's economy. He denounced the speech as "a cheerleading, ridiculing of Republicans exercise."
"So, what did the president of the United States just do?" McCain asked in a floor speech. "Well, he made a couple of jokes, laughed about how people are going to be here for New Year's, sent a message of confrontation to the Republicans.... I guess I have to wonder -- and I think the American people have to wonder -- whether the president really wants this issue resolved, or is it to his short-term political benefit for us to go over the cliff?"
Earlier, with the New Year's Eve deadline hours away, Democrats abandoned their demand to raise tax rates on household income over $250,000 a year. Obama had vowed repeatedly during his reelection campaign to allow tax cuts to expire for incomes over that level.
"There are a number of issues on which the two sides are still apart, but negotiations are continuing as I speak," Senate Majority Leader Harry M. Reid (D-Nev.) said in a floor speech shortly after the body convened at 11 a.m. Monday. "But we really are running out of time," he added.
Reid said there were "still some issues that need to be resolved before we can bring legislation to the floor."
Speaking after Reid on the Senate floor Monday morning, Sen. Tom Harkin, a liberal Democrat from Iowa, said he was "disturbed" to read in The Post that Democratic negotiators had agreed to raise the threshold for the income tax rate increases to $450,000, from $250,000, and to maintain estate taxes at the same level.
"This is one Democrat that doesn't agree with that -- at all," Harkin said. "I just think that's grossly unfair." He added: "If you make $250,000 a year, you're not middle class. You're in the top 2 percent of income earners in America.... If we're going to have some kind of deal, the deal must be one that really does favor the middle class -- the real middle class, those that are making 30, 50, 60, 70,000 dollars a year. That's the real middle class in America. And as I see this thing developing, quite frankly, as I've said before, no deal is better than a bad deal, and this looks like a very bad deal the way this is shaping up."
Biden, a veteran dealmaker who served in the Senate for 36 years, entered the talks Sunday at McConnell's request after the Republican leader said he had grown "frustrated" by the pace of negotiations with Reid.
Personal relations between the two Senate leaders have deteriorated after two years of draining battles over the budget. On Sunday, their antagonism produced a confusing day when talks seemed to be collapsing even as the two sides were moving closer to agreement on several fundamental issues.
As McConnell and Biden tried to bridge the divide, time had become as much of an enemy as the gritty details of tax and spending policy. Even if the leaders forge an agreement, the midnight deadline would be daunting to meet. Reid and McConnell would require the consent of all 100 senators to dispatch with the normal parliamentary procedures and complete debate and vote in hours rather than days.
And Senate passage would not guarantee an easy ride in the House, where Boehner's conservative flank has shown deep resistance to any tax hikes. The speaker has indicated he does not want to approve a bill with mostly Democratic votes and a sliver of his 241-member Republican conference.
Ed O'Keefe, Zachary A. Goldfarb and Rosalind S. Helderman contributed to this report.