Why Myanmar's General Shun Aid
Larry Jagan, Myanmar analyst for Al Jazeera
Bunkered away in the centre of the country, the secret and reclusive generals who rule
A week after a deadly cyclone and facing huge pressure to open their country to international aid, they see everyone as a potential enemy intent on overthrowing their rule.
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| The suffering caused by Cyclone Nargis seems far from the military's priorities [Reuters] |
Rather than alleviating the suffering wrought by Cyclone Nargis, the top generals' primary concern at present is to preserve their power and protect their families' future position and wealth.
Satellite photos: Before and after
Video: Cyclone-hit town struggles to rebuild
He seized power in a coup in 1962 and the military have ruled ever since. Reclusive and eccentric, Ne Win shunned contact with the outside world, turning the country then known as The first few years of his rule saw pogroms against the Chinese and Indian communities, forcing tens of thousands to flee the country. He also banned the teaching of English in the schools. Fear " For years the generals' greatest fear has been that the To prepare for that, they have built a rabbit-warren of bunkers around their new capital, Naypyidaw, in the hills some 400 kilometres north of They moved the seat of government and the military headquarters to the remote, purpose-built city abruptly in November 2005. Thousands of civil servants were only give a few hours' notice to pack up and move.
international aid but not aid workers [AFP] Then they turned to The regime is also highly suspicious of the UN and other international aid agencies, fearing they are in cahoots with the West and only want to whip up opposition to military rule inside the country. Even before the current cyclone disaster hit Myanmar, international aid workers found it hard to travel around the country and visit development projects. Rejected Last year the government expelled the United Nation's top representative in the country, Charles Petrie, on the grounds that he was interfering with government policy. "We must get rid of all the white faces," Senior General Than Shwe told his cabinet several times, according to reliable military sources. Since then the government has refused to accept several Western nominees as head of UN agencies.
reclusive military government [Reuters] The restrictions on aid workers' movements are in part because the military regime fears that they will be gathering intelligence that might be used to undermine the government, but also because of the generals' paranoid obsession with being in total control of everything. Given this mindset, there is no prospect the military regime will allow foreign aid workers to flood into the country, let alone allow foreign troops to enter. "They're afraid that if foreign soldiers come in, they are the spearhead to overthrow the government," says Josef Silverstein, a retired From the generals' perspective, he says, "aid workers could be carrying weapons to give to the people, they could give them ideas of how to overthrow the government." Subversive
enjoy a lavish lifestyle Even tourists were not allowed access to the country until the 1970s, when visitors were given a strict, seven-day visa. This changed a decade ago, when the lure of foreign currency spurred a relaxation of the rules. Nonetheless, all visitors are closely controlled and constantly monitored by military intelligence officers. Meanwhile, there has been an almost total ban on journalists, with authorities granting media visas only for largely meaningless army-arranged ceremonies. The generals' paranoia and distrust extends to all civilians – they believe that only the army has the ability to unite the country and protect it from foreign invaders. From their perspective, only the military represents the nation as a whole, not the factional interests of political parties or business people. The irony is, of course, that they have divided the country as never before – political parties are effectively banned, more than 2,000 political prisoners are languishing in jail, there is strict censorship of the press and the people are beaten into submission through a concerted campaign of harassment and intimidation. Last year they alienated the country's revered Buddhist monks after they brutally cracked down on the saffron-led protests against rising food prices. In the end, the real issue is one of control – the military government understands that it must remain united or perish. Their greatest fear now is losing control, losing their wealth, and facing Nuremberg-style trials from a future civilian government bringing them to account. The current military rulers, especially General Than Shwe and his family, have amassed vast fortunes through corruption and nepotism. Little wonder then that, despite the overwhelming suffering caused by Cyclone Nargis, the generals seem so anxious to press ahead with their referendum and institutionalise their power. english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/3AFA2F83-5370-4A4A-B8F1-682253189809.htm
Their outlook is solely shaped by military considerations, looking at the world through soldiers' eyes. But their nationalist xenophobia also has its roots in the style and superstitions of General Ne Win, the country's first military dictator.
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