permanent peace" at the end of the Cold War would threaten our nation's economic and social stability. Although finally identified as an antimilitarist hoax by writer/editor Leonard Lewin, who conceived and launched the book with a consortium of peace movement intellectuals including future Nation editors Victor Navasky and Richard Lingeman, novelist E. L. Doctorow, and economist John Kenneth Galbraith, Iron Mountain would eventually take on a life of its own.

Long out of print, the Report suddenly reappeared in "bootleg" editions more than twenty years after the original publication. In a manner never foreseen by the books' creators, it was now being read as a "bible" by the militias of the radical right -- a bizarre reversal that returns this haunting satire to the spotlight and raises uncomfortable questions about the changing nature of today's political culture.

This new edition of Report From Iron Mountain features an introduction by Victor Navasky, an afterword by Leonard Lewin, and a collection of articles, assembled here as "The Iron Mountain Affair," that appeared on the book's original publication -- each a revealing piece of the still-developing puzzle that has grown up around one of the most engaging and resilient works of political comment of our time.

* * * * * *

The Author:

Leonard C. Lewin, author of Report From Iron Mountain, is a humorist and editor ["A Treasury of American Political Humor"]. He is now retired and living in the northeast.

In his 1972 "confession" of authorship of the Report, Lewin said his intention was "to caricature the bankruptcy of the think-tank mentality by pursuing its style of scientistic thinking to its logical ends."

* * * * *

Excerpts

Although war is 'used' as an instrument of national and social policy, the fact that a society is organized for any degree of readiness for war supersedes its political and economic structure. War itself is the basic social system, within which other secondary modes of social organization conflict or conspire. It is the system which has governed most human societies of record, as it is today. War is not, as is widely assumed, primarily an instrument of policy utilized by nations to extend or defend their expressed political values or their economic interests. On the contrary, it is itself the principal basis of organization on which all modern societies are constructed.

THE NONMILITARY FUNCTIONS OF WAR:

Economic Function: War has provided both ancient and modern societies with a dependable system for stabilizing and controlling national economies. No alternate method of control has yet been tested in a complex modern economy that has shown itself remotely comparable in scope or effectiveness.

The "wastefulness" of war production is exercised entirely outside the framework of the economy of supply and demand. As such, it provides the only critically large segment of the total economy that is subject to complete and arbitrary central control.

Substitute institutions proposed for consideration as replacement for economic function of war: (a) A comprehensive social-welfare program, directed toward maximum improvement of general conditions of human life. (b) A giant open-end space research program, aimed at unreachable targets. (c) A permanent, ritualized, ultra-elaborate disarmament inspection system, and variants of such a system.

Political: The permanent possibility of war is the foundation for stable government; it supplies the basis for general acceptance of political authority. It has enabled societies to maintain necessary class distinctions, and it has ensured the subordination of the citizen to the state, by virtue of the residual war powers inherent in the concept of nationhood. No modern political ruling group has successfully controlled its constituency after failing to sustain the continuing credibility of an external threat of war.

Since it is historically axiomatic that the existence of any form of weaponry insures its use, we have used the word 'peace' as virtually synonymous with disarmament. By the same token, 'war' is virtually synonymous with nationhood. The elimination of war implies the inevitable elimination of national sovereignty and the traditional nation-state.

Substitute Institutions: (a) an omnipresent, virtually omnipotent international police force. (b) An established and recognized extraterrestrial menace. (c) Massive global environmental pollution. (d) Fictitious alternate enemies.

Sociological: War, through the medium of military institutions, has uniquely served societies, throughout the course of known history, as an indispensable controller of dangerous social dissidence and destructive antisocial tendencies...the war system has provided the machinery through which the motivational forces governing human behavior have been translated into binding social allegiance. It has thus ensured the degree of social cohesion necessary to the viability of nations.

Substitute Institutions: Control Function: (a) Programs generally derived from the Peace Corps model. (b) A modern, sophisticated form of slavery. Motivational function: (a) Intensified environmental pollution. (b) New religions or other mythologies. (c) Socially oriented blood games. (d) Combination forms.

Ecological: War has been the principal evolutionary device for maintaining a satisfactory ecological balance between gross human population and supplies available for its survival. It is unique to the human species.

Substitute Institutions: A comprehensive program of applied eugenics.

Cultural and Scientific: War-orientation has determined the basic standards of value in the creative arts, and has provided the fundamental motivational source of scientific and technological progress.

Among primitive peoples, the war dance is the most important art form. Elsewhere, literature, music, painting, sculpture, and architecture that has won lasting acceptance has invariably dealt with a theme of war, expressly or implicitly, and has expressed the centricity of war to society. The war in question may be national conflict, as in Shakespeare plays, Beethoven's music, or Goya's paintings, or it may be reflected in the form of religious, social, or moral struggle, as in the work of Dante, Rembrandt, and Bach. Art that cannot be classified as war-oriented is usually described as 'sterile', 'decadent,' and so on...It is also instructive to note that the character of a society's culture has borne a close relationship to its war-making potential, in the context of its times. It is no accident that the current 'cultural explosion' in the United States is taking place during an era marked by an unusually rapid advance in weaponry.

Substitute Institutions: Cultural: No replacement institution offered. Scientific: The secondary requirements of the space research, social welfare, and/or eugenics programs.

* * * * * * * *

Cast of Characters

Meet the players who helped to perpetrate,

and prepetuate this incredible political hoax...

Leonard C. Lewin- The author of Report From Iron Mountain.

Victor Navasky- [Publisher & Editorial Director of The Nation]- As the editor of Monocle, a magazine of satire published in the 1960s, he came up with the idea of a "secret report" about the dangers of "permanent peace."

Richard Lingeman- [Executive Editor of The Nation]-Noted biographer of Theodore Dreiser; as Monocle's Executive Editor, he helped create the hoax.

Marvin Kitman- [Television critic of Newsday]-News managing editor at Monocle and the publication's candidate for President in 1964, he also helped shape the idea for the book.

E.L. Doctorow- [Novelist: Ragtime, The Book of Daniel, The Waterworks, etc.]-Dial Press Editor-in-Chief at the time of the book's original publication, he helped shape the book and colluded in the hoax by concealing the book's satirical nature from his own sales force.

John Kenneth Galbraith- [Economist] He perpetuated the hoax by adopting the pseudonym Herschel McLandress ("a noted psychometrist") and praising the book as authentic in a prominent review that appeared in the Washington Post and Chicago Tribune.

Colonel Fletcher Prouty- A national security aide in the Kennedy Administration (and the model for the Donald Sutherland character in Oliver Stone's JFK), he continues to believe the report is authentic and cited it in his memoirs.

Willis Carto- White supremacist whose Noontide Press, Liberty Lobby and Holocaust-denying Institute for Historical Review, were named by author Lewin in a 1992 lawsuit for copyright infringement when Carto allegedly published the now-discontinued, bootleg editions of the book.

Mark Lane- Bestselling Kennedy assassination conspiracist who served as Carto's lawyer, making the case that Report From Iron Mountain was indeed a real government document and therefore not subject to copyright laws. Lane enjoyed a 1992 New York Times bestseller in his Plausible Denial.

The Right Wing Citizen Militias include Report From Iron Mountain in their conspirational canon, along with such works as The Turner Diaries and New World Order.

Lyndon B. Johnson- He couldn't be sure that his predecessor hadn't commissioned Report From Iron Mountain. According to U.S. News & World Report, he "hit the roof" upon learning of it and ordered that the report be "bottled up for all time."

Herman Kahn-Then head of the Hudson Institute think tank, this now deceased "war gamer," was stung by the feeling that the satire was aimed at him; he vociferously criticized the book.

Henry Kissinger- Also taking the satire personally, he attacked the book as "sheer idiocy."

Oliver Stone- In a 1992 Preface to Proudy's memoirs, Stone cited the "fabled" Report From Iron Mountain as raising "the key questions of our time."

Tony Brown- The black commentator assailed Report From Iron Mountain in his 1995 book as the "seminal work on social triage, and...the precursor to The Bell Curve. He said both books should incite "paranoia and alarm in the Black community."

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------