The International Jew — The World’s Foremost Problem Part I (Repost of 10/03)
By Henry Ford — founder of the Ford Motor Company,
Also, This article references the "Protocols of Zion". You can access these on our site at http://www.fourwinds10.com/news/07-history/C-zionism/2003/07C-10-30-03-protocols-of-zion.html
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NOTE: The International Jew by Henry Ford, Sr. is a series of articles printed in Ford’s newspaper The Dearborn Independent during the years 1920 to 1922. His series of articles reveals quite clearly the plan for world domination by Zionism, as set forth in their Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion. The Zionists are not a race of people but a political group, that can be easily traced through history back to the Pharisees of Esu Immanuel’s day and beyond to Babylonia, where the Protocols of Zion were born. Today the Zionists are known as the Khazarian Zionist Bolsheviks or KZB, for their history extends back to the Khazars of Russia and forward to their initiation of communism a century ago. Henry Ford refers to the KZB as the “International Jew”.
The word “Jew” does not appear in any of the earlier historical or biblical writings, as it was first coined in the 1870’s. Jew refers to those people of Hebrew descent or the Israelites of the Bible, who have Semitic ancestry. Zionists make up the political group which controls the government of the country of Israel today. Often the word Zionist is wrongly used interchangeably with the word “Jew”. Jews are considered to be Semites, therefore those who hate Jews are called anti-Semitic. Henry Ford was accused by the Zionists of being anti-Semitic. This is untrue because Ford did not hate Jews, but was only exposing the Truth of Zionism. PHB
Introduction by Gerald L. K. Smith [originally included with the abridged edition]
Elizabeth Dilling [extract from a text re. the provenance of the "Protocols"]
The Wisdom of Henry Ford [link to National Alliance overview]
Volume 1 — THE INTERNATIONAL JEW [ Preface ]
1 The Jew in Character and Business
2 Germany’s Reaction Against the Jew
3 Jewish History in the United States
4 The Jewish Question—Fact or Fancy?
5 Anti-Semitism—Will It Appear in the U.S.?
6 Jewish Question Breaks Into the Magazines
7 Arthur Brisbane Leaps to the Help of Jewry
8 Does a Definite Jewish World Program Exist?
9 The Historic Basis of Jewish Imperialism
10 An Introduction to the “Jewish Protocols”
11 “Jewish” Estimate of Gentile Human Nature
12 “Jewish Protocols” Claim Partial Fulfillment
13 “Jewish” Plan to Split Society by “Ideas”
14 Did the Jews Foresee the World War?
15 Is the Jewish “Kahal” the Modern “Soviet”?
16 How the “Jewish Question” Touches the Farm
17 Does Jewish Power Control the World Press?
18 Does This Explain Jewish Political Power?
19 The All-Jewish Mark on “Red Russia”
20 Jewish Testimony in Favor of Bolshevism
Volume 2 — JEWISH ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES [ Preface ]
21 How Jews in the U.S. Conceal Their Strength
22 Jewish Testimony on “Are Jews a Nation?”
23 Jew Versus Non-Jew in New York Finance
24 The High and Low of Jewish Money Power
25 “Disraeli of America”—A Jew of Super-Power
26 The Scope of Jewish Dictatorship in the U.S.
27 Jewish Copper Kings Reap Rich War-Profits
28 Jewish Control of the American Theater
29 The Rise of the First Jewish Theatrical Trust
30 How Jews Capitalized a Protest Against Jews
31 The Jewish Aspect of the “Movie” Problem
32 Jewish Supremacy in Motion Picture World
33 Rule of the Jewish Kehillah Grips New York
34 The Jewish Demand for “Rights” in America
35 “Jewish Rights” Clash With American Rights
36 “Jewish Rights” to Put Studies Out of Schools
37 Disraeli—British Premier, Portrays the Jews
38 Taft Once Tried to Resist Jews—and Failed
39 When Editors Were Independent of the Jews
40 Why the Jews Dislike the Morgenthau Report
41 Jews Use the Peace Conference to Bind Poland
42 The Present Status of the Jewish Question
Volume 3 — JEWISH INFLUENCES IN AMERICAN LIFE [ Preface ]
43 The Jews and the “Religious Persecution” Cry
44 Are the Jews Victims or Persecutors?
45 Jewish Gamblers Corrupt American Baseball
46 Jewish Degradation of American Baseball
47 Jewish Jazz Becomes Our National Music
48 How the Jewish Song Trust Makes You Sing
49 Jewish Hot-Beds of Bolshevism in the U.S.
50 Jew Trades Link With World Revolutionaries
51 Will Jewish Zionism Bring Armageddon?
52 How the Jews Use Power—By an Eyewitness
53 How Jews Ruled and Ruined Tammany Hall
54 Jew Wires Direct Tammany’s Gentile Puppets
55 B’nai B’rith Leader Discusses the Jews
56 Dr. Levy, a Jew, Admits His People’s Error
57 Jewish Idea in American Monetary Affairs
58 Jewish Idea Molded Federal Reserve Plan
59 Jewish Idea of Central Bank for America
60 How Jewish International Finance Functions
61 Jewish Power and America’s Money Famine
Volume 4 — ASPECTS OF JEWISH POWER IN THE UNITED STATES [ Preface ]
62 How Jews Gained American Liquor Control
63 Gigantic Jewish Liquor Trust and Its Career
64 The Jewish Element in Bootlegging Evil
65 Angles of Jewish Influence in American Life
66 The Jews’ Complaint Against “Americanism”
67 The Jewish Associates of Benedict Arnold
68 Benedict Arnold and Jewish Aid in Shady Deal
69 Arnold and His Jewish Aids at West Point
70 The Gentle Art of Changing Jewish Names
71 Jewish “Kol Nidre” and “Eli, Eli” Explained
72 Jews as New York Magistrates See Them
73 Jews Are Silent, the National Voice Is Heard
74 What Jews Attempted Where They Had Power
75 The Jewish Question in Current Testimony
76 America’s Jewish Enigma—Louis Marshall
77 The Economic Plans of International Jews
78 A Jew Sees His People As Others See Them
79 Candid Address to Jews on the Jewish Problem
80 An Address to “Gentiles” on the Jewish Problem
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Introduction by Gerald L. K. Smith
The International Jew
At the apex of his business career Henry Ford, the industrial genius sensed that a terrific effort was being made to take his business from him and manipulate it into the hands of the money-changers. Mr. Ford had the impression that these manipulators were being engineered by powerful Jewish financiers.
He called to his office the most intelligent research men within his acquaintance. He commissioned them to make a thorough study of the International Jew and publish their findings in "The Dearborn Independent," which at that time was the official organ of the Ford Motor Company. No expense was spared, and it is estimated that literally millions of dollars were spent by Mr. Ford on this project. The original articles were carried first in "The Dearborn Independent," and then published in book form.
I have in my possession every copy of "The Dearborn Independent." This complete set is beautifully bound in Morocco leather and was given to me by an inner-circle member of Mr. Ford's personal staff.
When the report on "The International Jew" was originally published it opened each chapter with a text taken from "The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion," or from the published statements of world prominent Jews. The moment the manuscripts dealing with the Jewish problem reached the public, a terrific howl went up from official Jewry. If I were to summarize the campaign of reprisal and abuse which was carried on against Mr. Ford and his Company, this summary alone would require a book. Every instrument of torture and abuse which could be imagined was carried on against Mr. Ford — smear, character assassination, ridicule, physical threat, boycott. The pressure was constant, consistent and endless. The most powerful and enigmatic pressures imaginable were brought to bear on Mr. Ford to stop the publication of "The International Jew." Finally the order came through to cease publication and to destroy the copies which were available. Jews and others went into the bookstores and bought and destroyed all copies which could be found. Sneak thieves were commissioned to visit libraries and steal the report out of the libraries. This made the book so rare and unfindable that it became a collector's item.
The day finally came when the one ambition of the Jews was fulfilled. Mr. Ford apologized for publishing "The International Jew" and blamed subordinates for the deed.
In 1940 I interviewed Mr. Ford on numerous occasions. In fact, on the day before his first automobile was put under glass, he and Mrs. Ford invited Mrs. Smith and myself to be their guests at Dearborn. On this occasion he told me the whole story of his first car and how he happened to make it. Among the precious souvenirs which have come to Mrs. Smith and myself is a New Testament autographed by Mr. Ford, and handwritten letters from Mrs. Ford commenting favorably on some of my speeches and expressing in her own handwriting Mr. Ford's appreciation for my activities.
It was on the occasion of one of these personal visits with Mr. Ford that he gave me a sensational and shocking report. He said: "Mr. Smith, my apology for publishing 'The International Jew' was given great publicity, but I did not sign that apology. It was signed by Harry Bennett."
For the information of the reader Harry Bennett was a very officious and aggressive employee of the Ford Motor Company. He presumed his way into the confidence of Mr. Ford and later became known as an enigmatic and obnoxious personality. Space will not permit a thorough discussion of the activities of Harry Bennett. Mr. Ford's personal secretary for 34 years, Mr. Ernest Liebold, told me that one of the worst things that ever happened to the Ford Motor Company was the employment of Harry Bennett. For a certain period of time Bennett exerted virtually a dictatorial control over the affairs of the Company. His alleged deeds, if summarized might make rather a scandalous book.
When Mr. Ford told me that he had not signed the apology, it seemed almost unbelievable. In fact, I could scarcely believe my own ears. Furthermore, on the occasion of this same visit, Mr. Ford said: "Mr. Smith, I hope to republish 'The International Jew' again some time." He showed no signs of regret for having published it in the beginning.
I did not report this conversation even to my most faithful followers because the original "apology" had been so thoroughly publicized that I knew it would be difficult to make people believe what I had heard from Mr. Ford's own lips.
After Mr. Ford died, the man Harry Bennett evidently was very much disillusioned and embittered by the fact that he did not share generously in the inheritance. He collaborated with a Jew by the name of Paul Marcus in the writing of a book entitled '"We Never Called Him Henry."
Here is Mr. Bennett's own story concerning the much publicized "apology" Mr. Ford is supposed to have made for exposing the machinations of the International Jew. Here are Mr. Bennett's own words:
"I got in touch with Arthur Brisbane, and through him learned that the American Jewish Committee could settle the matter. I entered into negotiations with Samuel Untermeyer and Louis Marshall of that organization, and with Brisbane. They drew up the now-famous 'apology,' which was to be the basis for a settlement. In this formal statement, it was said that Mr. Ford would see to it that no more anti-Semitic material circulated in his name and that he would call in all undistributed copies of 'The International Jew,' which were booklet reprints of the (Dearborn) Independent's articles. For the rest, the 'apology' said that Mr. Ford had had no knowledge of what had been published in the Dearborn Independent, and was 'shocked' and 'mortified' to learn about it.
"Arthur Brisbane brought this statement to me at 1710 Broadway. I phoned Mr. Ford. I told him an 'apology' had been drawn up, and added 'It's pretty bad, Mr. Ford.' I tried to read it to him over the phone, but he stopped me.
"So I signed Mr. Ford's signature to the document. I had always been able to sign his name as realistically as he could himself. I sent the statement to Untermeyer and Marshall. The signature was verified, and the case was closed.
"All this was done without Mr. Ford's taking anyone else into his confidence. Edsel knew nothing about it, and Cameron and Senator Reed heard about it by reading the papers.
"Cameron's reaction was quoted by the newspaper: 'It's all news to me and I cannot believe it is true'."
Later, Mr. Bennett's story appeared in abbreviated form in True Magazine. The above quotation appeared on page 125 of that magazine for October, 1951.
I give the reader this information in order that he may read what follows without the risk of any deception concerning the Ford apology.
To summarize:
1. The press quoted Mr. Ford as apologizing for the publication of "The International Jew."
2. Mr. Ford told me in the presence of Mrs. Ford, Mrs. Smith and Mr. Ernest Liebold (his secretary for 34 years) that he hoped to republish it and that he did not sign the apology.
3. Mr. Bennett, who at one time was one of the three most powerful individuals connected with the Ford Motor Company, admits that Mr. Ford did not sign the apology but that he (Bennett) copied Mr. Ford's signature with accuracy and that this signature is the only one which appeared on the formal apology.
As far as I am concerned, I am willing to base my Conclusions relative to the report ("The International Jew") on the personal statement which Mr. Ford made to me.
Whatever the case may be, the report in its original form as well as the abridged edition herewith, speaks for itself and is supported by the logic of its contents.
Concerning "The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion" Mr. Ford said on February 17, 1921: "The only statement I care to make about the Protocols is that they fit in with what is going on . . . They have fitted the world situation up to this time. They fit it now."
It must be observed that when Mr. Ford made this statement concerning the Protocols in relationship to his publication "The International Jew," this document, which is allegedly the secret minutes of the Elders of Zion, was only 16 years old. The Jews had advertised to the world that "The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion" were forgeries. Mr. Ford wasted no time arguing this question. He merely said to his friends: "No matter what they are, they fit what is going on."
Some students of the situation have pointed out that even the word "forgery" implies that the object referred to is an accurate reproduction of the original. For that reason every student of the Jewish problem should have a copy of "The Protocols of the Learned Eiders of Zion." Copies may be obtained by addressing orders to the Christian Nationalist Crusade, P. O. Box 27895, Los Angeles 27, California. Price 50c. [This address may no longer be active. -- ed.]
In his book entitled "My Life and Work," which was published in 1922, Mr. Ford comments on his "International Jew" series with the following words:
"Readers of our articles will see at once that we are not actuated by any kind of prejudice, except it may be a prejudice in favor of the principles which have made our civilization.
"There had been observed in this country certain streams of influence which were causing a marked deterioration in our literature, amusements, and social conduct; business was departing from its old-time substantial soundness; a general letting-down of standards were felt everywhere. It was not the robust coarseness of the white man, the rude indelicacy, say, of Shakespeare's characters, but a nasty Orientalism which has insidiously affected every channel of expression — and to such an extent that it was time to challenge it. The fact that these influences are all traceable to one racial source is a fact to be reckoned with . . . Our work does not pretend to say the last word on the Jew in America. It says only the word which describes his present impress on this country. When that impress is changed, the report can be changed . . . Our opposition is only to ideas, false ideas, which are sapping the moral stamina of the people. These ideas proceed from easily identified sources, they are promulgated by easily discoverable methods and they are controlled by mere exposure.
"When people learn to identify the source and nature of the influence swirling around them, it is sufficient. Let the American people once understand that it is not natural degeneracy but calculated subversion that afflicts us, and they are safe.
"The explanation is the cure. This work was taken up without personal motives. When it reached a stage where we believed the American people could grasp the key, we let it rest for the time. Our enemies say that we began it for revenge and that we laid it down in fear. Time will show that our critics (the Jews) are merely dealing in evasion because they dare not tackle the main question."
No mature-minded thinker — in fact, no honest reader, could question Mr. Ford's logic as summarized above. I agree completely with Mr. Ford in his expressed convictions that all America and the world needs is to know the truth "and the truth shall set us free."
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HENRY FORD
When Henry Ford printed the articles known as the "International Jew", the Talmudists went into hysteria. If you are interested in the gloatings on how Ford was brought to his knees presumably, and made to publicly apologize, one interesting source is Volume I of "LOUIS MARSHALL — Champion of Liberty — Selected Papers and Addresses", put out by the Jewish Publication Society of America in 1957.
LOUIS MARSHALL was one of Jacob Schiff's cohorts in founding the AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE of world financial and industrial Jewish powers. A book could be written on the powers wielded by him and his sons and their communistic Marshall Foundation. In the "House Committee on Un-American Activities Dies Report: Communist Front Organizations", there are no less than 27 listings. Back in 1938 and 1939 when I did considerable speaking in Detroit, I used to be entertained at the executives' table at the Ford plant.
Harry Bennett, personnel director for Henry Ford (who afterwards was cowed and wrote a pro-Jewish screed) showed me the picture of the Jews in a huge picture he had in his office of the Ford Riot they stirred. A truck load of typewriters and used tables was sent me for my office by the Red Squad, at Ford direction. Bennett described how the Jews had driven Ford off the road in his car in an effort to kill him and how his wife had plead with him to cease his Jewish exposures and live for her sake. For this reason he retracted.
"THE CRAWL"?
Gloatingly, on p. 376 of Vol. I of the Marshall book, is the statement extracted from Henry Ford. It is preceded by Marshall's communication with Sam Untermyer, etc. Ford's apology includes his plea that he had been too busy to know what was being printed in his Dearborn Independent and had delegated such duties to men he trusted but that he had "no idea that the general nature" of the data on the Protocols had been so repulsive to Jewry. "Had I . . . I would have forbidden their circulation without a moment's notice, because I am fully aware of the virtues of the Jewish people as a whole " (and more praises).
Ford's statement goes on to state that: "I deem it my duty to make amends for the wrong done the Jews . . . by asking their forgiveness . . . by retracting the offensive charges laid at their door by these publications. . ." The publications are to be "withdrawn from circulation" and "that henceforth the Dearborn Independent will be conducted under such auspices that articles reflecting on the Jews will never again appear in its columns. Finally, let me add that this statement is made on my own initiative and wholly in the interest of right and justice."
This "retraction" was dated June 30, 1927.
How the Ford money and Foundation fell under the control of the Jews and their collectivist agencies is another story. FORD never changed his mind.
FORD GIVES ANTI-SEMITES FUNDS
In 1939, Harry Bennett told me he would like to have me meet Wm. Dudley Pelley whose occultism I had criticized. I had never met him. He said: "He will be coming in here any day to get money and GET IT. He is a swell guy. All that stuff is just a gag with him!" Rev. Gerald WINROD was doing an eye-opening job in his paper which had some 100,000 subscribers, I understand. He told me that Ford gave him $20,000 when he ran for office in Kansas at that time, on an anti-Pharisee platform. I was working on the "OCTOPUS", which my husband, who afterwards regretted it, had me put out under a pen name. Ford gave me $5,000 in April or May of 1939 so that I could add to my office staff which that year cost $12,000.
One of our lawyers, during the infamous "sedition trial" to prosecute anti-Communists as Nazi "fascists", stated that none of the defendants had ever been as anti-Pharisee as Henry Ford had been. A public blast was issued from the Ford staff stating that FORD had never had any dealings with the so-called "seditionists". So, a separate trial aimed to dislodge the offending lawyer, Mr. Laughlin, I was put on the witness stand and testified what is written above. This was at the suggestion of Dr. Winrod who said one or the other of us should spill the truth. THERE WAS SILENCE — NO DENIAL from the Ford organization or Henry himself.
BEFORE FORD'S APOLOGY
One may shrug off the Protocols as "forgeries" (of what?), but one cannot deny that the one supreme authority, the "LAW" of Talmudic Judaism is the Babylonian Talmud. Such top books put out by the Jewish Publication Society of America, adjunct of the World High Command, the American Jewish Committee, as "The Messiah Idea in Jewish History", etc. repeat the theme of the duty of WORLD power by the Talmudists whose religion is the Tradition of the Pharisees in written form.
"The New York World" of Feb. 17, 1921 published an interview with Mr. FORD, in the course of which he was asked: "Is your belief that the Jews are endeavoring to control the world based in any degree on the so-called PROTOCOLS... said to have been formulated by the Elders of Zion? You know, of course, that these have been denounced as forgeries or inventions. Do you believe they are genuine? He replied: "The only statement I care to make about the PROTOCOLS is that they fit in with what is going on. They are sixteen years old and have fitted the world situation up to this time. They fit it now."
PEACE SHIP OPENS HIS EYES
Mr. FORD had been convinced of the Jewish responsibility for World War I by two Jews on his Peace Ship (See Ford Peace Party in my "RED NETWORK", and the activities of Rosika Schwimmer and Louis Lochner). This was covered in an interview in the "Jewish World", Jan. 5, 1922. He determined to make the truth known to his fellow Americans when he returned to this country, he said.
DR. GRAY ON THE PROTOCOLS
I spoke over the Moody Bible Institute radio a number of times, at special meetings and in the Moody church. The Moody radio teacher of the Bible for many years was Mrs. Iris I. McCord who was a close and most beloved friend to her death. She told me of the incessant pressure being put on the head of the Moody Bible Institute, Dr. Gray, to disavow his belief that the Protocols are Jewry's plan in action. But in vain, although some of the incidents were most threatening. Dr. Gray steadfastly refused to change his position. The Moody Monthly for Sept. 1927 carried an article by him on the "apology", forced from Henry FORD by the then chief of the High Command American Jewish Committee, Louis MARSHALL. Dr. Gray wrote: "This confession in our opinion is another link in the chain of prophecy. As we read it we were impressed that the great millionaire went further than the circumstances of the case required him to go. To put it another way, we do not believe the editor of the 'Independent', Mr. Ford's paper, was either as foolish or as wicked as the confession of its proprietor would make him appear. We believe he had good grounds for publishing some of the things about the Jews which he did publish, and that whether Mr. Ford was aware of it or not he, Mr. Ford, might have found corroborative evidence thereof had he looked for it. Indeed, the pressure brought to bear upon Mr. Ford to make his confession was in itself such corroborative evidence. The pressure came from the Jews — all over the world, and in the face of it Mr. Ford was panic-stricken. He is one of the richest men in the world, and of course conscious of the power that money brings with it; but he was made to feel that the Jews have more money and hence more power than he, and that in such a cause their money and their power can be quickly mobilized against an opponent, and with crushing consequences."
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The Wisdom of Henry Ford
ADV -- The Wisdom of Henry Ford || National Alliance Main Page
Program of 25th September, 1993
Thank you Richard Cotten. This week we're going to look at a part of 20th Century American history that has been censored from our history books by America's enemies. An outstanding figure in the story of modern America, and central to the struggle of American patriots to take our country back, was the great industrialist and humanitarian Henry Ford, Sr.
Ford was born in 1863, a farm boy from rural Michigan who loved to do mechanical work with his hands and experiment with new concepts in his shop. He was a deeply moral man, to whom honesty, work, and sobriety were sacred concepts. And he was a gentle man, in the true sense of the word, who, in the words of writer Albert Lee, "shared a love of all living things with naturalist John Burroughs and who shared campfires with his friend Thomas Edison. Ford was known to 'nail up a door for a whole season rather than disturb a robin's nest,' and he 'postponed [a] hay harvest because ground birds were brooding in the field.' He was a man of peace, saying ... that he would give his entire fortune if he could shorten [World War I] by a single day."
Marxists hate Henry Ford. But most of the workers in his factories loved and revered him. In fact, it would not be an exaggeration to say that when Henry Ford began his seven-year long, 5 million dollar "lesson to the American people" in 1920, he was probably the best-loved living American.
He did not invent the automobile, but he was one of its pioneers. His inborn genius for innovation and efficiency enabled him to produce the first car for the common man, the Model T. Before Ford, cars were mostly playthings of the wealthy. The Model T began its production run in 1908 and was not replaced until 1927. As Ford increased the efficiency of his plants, instead of pocketing the profits, he constantly lowered the price, which ultimately fell from $590 to $260. And he astounded the world in 1914 when he ordered the minimum wage paid to even the lowliest Ford employee to be raised to $5 per day, at a time when the average wage to the skilled workers of his competitors was far less than half that amount. He began one of the first profit-sharing plans, distributing $12 million to his employees in the first year alone. He caused jaws to drop again when, believing that useful knowledge should be used for the benefit of the people, he gave up millions by making all Ford patents free to everyone. He led a successful one-man crusade against the "Selden patent," benefitting his competitors as much as he.
Much is known about Henry Ford. A recent series of Ford Motor Company TV advertisements even features his face and quotes some of his statements as "words to live by." So why am I speaking of him on this program which is usually devoted to the hidden aspects of politics and history? Because what is not so well known today is that Henry Ford devoted years of his life and a substantial part of his fortune to awakening the American people to the enemies of our nation. You see, the movement to free America from Internationalist domination did not begin with the Chuck Harders and Tom Valentines or other Johnny-come-latelies. It certainly didn't begin with me, either, though I think it is becoming clearer with every passing day that American Dissident Voices alone dares to tell our listeners the whole truth about our nation's plight.
In 1916 Ford led an ill-fated mission to stop the slaughter of World War I. He assembled a disparate coalition of clergymen, writers, politicians, pacifists, and businessmen, chartered the Norwegian ocean liner Oscar II and sailed for Europe in hopes of inspiring the neutral powers to mediate a peace treaty. His coalition squabbled among themselves, and the forces for war proved too strong. Ford returned to America a somewhat discouraged but wiser man. He never lost his distaste for foreign wars, however, and spoke out against them and the hidden forces that foment them in no uncertain terms.
Mme. Rosika Schwimmer, one of the leaders of the Peace Ship project, was a Jewish diplomat and pacifist who, according to Ford, was more intelligent than all of the others aboard the ship put together. She tells the story of her first meeting with Ford, where he said "I know who started this war - the German-Jewish bankers." As he slapped some papers hidden in pocket of his coat, he said, "I have the evidence here - facts! I can't give them out yet because I haven't got them all. I'll have them soon!"
In an interview with a New York Times reporter on Christmas, 1921, Ford gave some further insight into his education in the ways of the world while he was on the Peace Ship. "It was the Jews themselves who convinced me of the direct relationship between the international Jew and war. In fact, they went out of their way to convince me. On the peace ship were two very prominent Jews. We had not been at sea 200 miles before they began telling me of the power of the Jewish race, of how they controlled the world through their control of gold, and that the Jew and no one but the Jew could end the war. I was reluctant to believe it but they went into detail to convince me of the means by which the Jews controlled the war, how they had the money, how they had cornered all the basic materials needed to fight the war and all that, and they talked so long and so well that they convinced me. They said, and they believed, that the Jews started the war, that they would continue it as long as they wished, and that until the Jew stopped the war it could not be stopped. I was so disgusted I would have liked to turn the ship back."
A Book for All Americans
Ford had become convinced that there was an organized, dangerous, largely secret, and incredibly powerful menace to America, almost completely Jewish at its highest levels, and he was determined to do something about it. He earnestly believed that if this menace was exposed to the light of day, that responsible and moral Jews would cast out this cancerous group from their midst. He was honestly surprised by the abuse he received from most of his Jewish friends and business associates after his educational work had begun, and we may be amazed by the fact that a few remained cordial. Henry Ford believed that if the kept press would not tell the truth on what he termed the Jewish Question, they it was his duty to his God and his country to do it himself.
He purchased what was at the time a small weekly newspaper in his home town in Michigan, The Dearborn Independent, and turned into his national voice, with nationwide distribution. His espousal of traditional values combined with a practical populism struck a chord with many Americans, for soon the sleepy weekly had turned into an influential giant, with a circulation at one point of nearly half a million. Ford lost money on the paper, selling it for five cents per copy or one dollar a year. When Jewish censorship kept it off the newsstands in some cities, he made it available through the local Ford agencies. He neither solicited nor accepted advertising - he would not have the paper subject to Jewish or any outside influence. The masthead meant what it said - Independent.
He gathered around him some of the most talented writers and researchers in the business, virtually cleaning out the editorial staff of the largest newspaper in the state, the Detroit News. He hired the best private investigators. He employed the services of patriotic Congressmen and diplomats. He despatched his agents to foreign countries to dig up the facts.
1920 marked the beginning of the publication, in serial form, of Henry Ford's research series in the Dearborn Independent. Each week, the paper carried a major story exposing an aspect of Jewish power and influence. One of the men Ford had hired away from the Detroit News, who would eventually become the head of the Independent, was the brilliant editor and columnist William J. Cameron. Cameron at first protested bitterly at the subject matter of the articles on the Jewish Question and almost bolted with a few other staffers who didn't want to touch this "forbidden" subject, but as the evidence began piling up, he became convinced that Ford was right. He was the author of most of the Independent's articles in this series, and stayed with Ford for the next 20 years. These articles would eventually be collected in book form under the title The International Jew. The articles were a sensation and the book became a nationwide success, in fact one of the greatest best-sellers of all time.
While Ford's educational series on Jewish power was running, the Independent had a circulation of between a quarter million and a half million copies per week. When the articles were reprinted in book form, eventually to fill four volumes, it was not unusual for each press run, of which there were many for each volume, to total over 200,000 copies. It is estimated that more than 10 million copies of the book were sold in the United States alone. The International Jew was translated into sixteen languages, including Arabic, and was distributed by the millions in Europe, South America, and the Middle East. Each of the 4 volumes was a full-sized book of about 250 pages, and was sold for a mere 25 cents. Ford lost nearly five million dollars on this venture, and that doesn't count the losses to his business due to several Jewish boycotts and lawsuits.
To evaluate the tenor of Ford's lessons to the American people, let us look at a few passages from his preface to the first volume: "Why discuss the Jewish Question? Because it is here, and because its emergence into American thought should contribute to its solution, and not to a continuance of those bad conditions which surround the Question in other countries.
"The Jewish Question has existed in the United States for a long time. Jews themselves have known this, even if Gentiles have not. There have been periods in our own country when it has broken forth with a sullen sort of strength which presaged darker things to come. Many signs portend that it is approaching an acute stage.
"Not only does the Jewish Question touch those matters that are of common knowledge, such as financial and commercial control, usurpation of political power, monopoly of necessities, and autocratic direction of the very news that the American people read; but it reaches into cultural regions and so touches the very heart of American life.
"... It is interwoven with much of the menace of organized and calculated disorder which troubles the nations today. It is not of recent growth, but its roots go deep ....
"The motive of this work is simply a desire to make facts known to the people. Other motives have, of course, been ascribed to it. But the motive of prejudice or any form of antagonism is hardly strong enough to support such an investigation as this. Moreover, had an unworthy motive existed, some sign of it would inevitably appear in the work itself. We confidently call the reader to witness that the tone of these articles is all that it should be. The International Jew and his satellites, as the conscious enemies of all that Anglo-Saxons mean by civilization, are not spared, nor is that unthinking mas which defends anything that a Jew does, simply because it has been taught to believe that what Jewish leaders do is Jewish. Neither do these articles proceed upon a false emotion of brotherhood and apology, as if this stream of doubtful tendency in the world were only accidentally Jewish. We give the facts as we find them; that of itself is sufficient protection against prejudice or passion."
A few of the articles' titles should give you an idea of the information in the book:
Jewish History in the United States - Does a Definite Jewish Program Exist? - The Historic Basis of Jewish Imperialism - Does Jewish Power Control the World Press? - The All-Jewish Mark on "Red Russia" - Jewish Testimony in Favor of Bolshevism - How Jews in the US Conceal Their Strength - Jewish Control of the American Theater - Jewish Supremacy in the Motion Picture World - "Jewish Rights" Clash With American Rights - Jewish Degradation of American Baseball - Jewish Jazz Becomes Our National Music - Jewish Hot-Beds of Bolshevism in the US - Dr. Levy, a Jew, Admits His People's Error - The Gigantic Jewish Liquor Trust and Its Career - The Jews' Complaint Against "Americanism" - The Gentle Art of Changing Jewish Names -- and dozens of others, a total of eighty articles in all.
Neither The International Jew nor Henry Ford were perfect. Ford and Cameron reflected the prejudices of their times when they took irrelevant stabs at Darwin and Nietzsche. They were sometimes too eager to accept quotes and documents from dubious sources, when much stronger documentation on the same points was already available. And when tremendous financial pressure was brought to bear, and when a mysterious automobile accident sent Ford to the hospital, nearly missing killing him, he did cave in to the pressure and direct one of his subordinates to sign the phony apology written for the purpose by prominent Jewish attorney Louis Marshall. His post-apology actions indicate that Ford had not altered his opinions. Despite its few flaws, though, the book is a magnificent piece of work, a priceless distillation of many thousands of man-hours of expensive research and compilation, a magnifying glass applied to the hidden sources of immorality, vice, degeneracy, and subversion.
The International Jew was available in libraries and bookstores across America. As I've already pointed out, it was one of the biggest best-sellers of all time. Henry Ford felt that his book was so important that at one point a copy was presented to all purchasers of new Ford automobiles. Yet today this book is almost impossible to find. You will not be able to buy it in your local bookstore, nor check it out at your local library. If it were not for a few courageous Americans keeping it in print and available to you, you would not be able to find it at all.
The truth is that here in so-called "democratic, pluralist" America this book has been nakedly suppressed. Is it because this book is a hate-filled anti-Jewish polemic? No, not at all. The book's tone is not at all anti-Jewish, and again and again it appeals to the reason and moral sense of its Jewish readers to put a stop to the abuses of their leaders. It is scrupulously fair, even-handed, and factual. It is because of its extensive documentation and the unassailable facts which it presents that it has been suppressed. For The International Jew is a threat - it's a threat to those men of money and power who would put a sack over our heads and force us unknowingly and unwillingly into the "New World Order" they have been preparing for us for decades. This book is a threat to those who would take away our weapons of self-defense, and who would take away our freedom and our children's future. No other patriotic radio program dares to offer its listeners this book, because they know the incredible pressures that the guilty and the powerful will bring to bear upon them if they do. But American Dissident Voices is not an ordinary radio program. We hold our duty to bring the uncensored truth to our listeners as our highest obligation.
We are proud to offer Henry Ford, Sr.'s The International Jew as our Radio Offer Number 16. This is more than a simple book - The International Jew is a four volume set, containing nearly 1000 pages of insight and research. Volume 1 is The International Jew: The World's Foremost Problem; Volume 2 is Jewish Activities in the United States; Volume 3 is Jewish Influences in American Life; and Volume 4 is Aspects of Jewish Power in the United States. All are photographically reproduced and are exactly as they were published by Henry Ford and his research staff at the Dearborn Independent. Henry Ford commissioned the best researchers available to get to the bottom of the mysteries of modern power politics. The result was this book in four volumes. Its insights into the roots of today's political situation are astounding and prophetic. To any who would hope to save our country and our people, the knowledge contained within its pages is invaluable. The International Jew is available to all who send a donation of $40 or more this week to keep this program on the air, as our Radio Offer Number 16. Remember, this is the complete 4-volume set, exactly as commissioned and published by industrialist and patriot Henry Ford. Just send as much as you can afford to support this program, a minimum of $40, to National Vanguard Books, Department R, PO Box 90, Hillsboro WV 24946 USA, and don't forget to ask for Radio Offer Number 16.
Consider this. Henry Ford did not have to do what he did. He was the living incarnation of success. He was by far the richest industrialist of his day. He was loved and admired by millions. Among the common people, he was ranked with the greatest men of all time. Political power could have been his had he wanted it. But he did go forward with his investigation and explication of the Jewish Question, at the cost of a large portion of his wealth, at the cost of much of the time and energy of an aging older man, and at the cost of the alienation of many friends, associates, and even family members. He well knew that he was potentially putting his life in peril by opposing these powerful moneyed interests. Henry Ford did this because he felt a higher duty, a duty that transcended all of those considerations. Henry Ford acted in obedience to a duty which we of our generation must rediscover if our children are to have a future. However discouraging the odds may seem at the moment, and no matter how easy it may be slip back into our easy chair or into our accustomed work, we must discharge this duty: Wherever we find it, and whatever disguise it wears - whether a clerical collar or a professor's tweeds or the stylish tailored suits of the networks' talking heads - we must oppose evil.
Until next week, this is Kevin Alfred Strom reminding you to do right, and fear no one.
National Alliance Main Page
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The International Jew - Vol. 1
Preface
Why discuss the Jewish Question? Because it is here, and because its emergence into American thought should contribute to its solution, and not to a continuance of those bad conditions which surround the Question in other countries. The Jewish Question has existed in the United States for a long time. Jews themselves have known this, even if Gentiles have not. There have been periods in our own country when it has broken forth with a sullen sort of strength which presaged darker things to come. Many signs portend that it is approaching an acute stage.
Not only does the Jewish Question touch those matters that are of common knowledge, such as financial and commercial control, usurpation of political power, monopoly of necessities, and autocratic direction of the very news that the American people read; but it reaches into cultural regions and so touches the very heart of American life.
This question reaches down into South America and threatens to become an important factor in Pan-American relations. It is interwoven with much of the menace of organized and calculated disorder which troubles the nations today. It is not of recent growth, but its roots go deep, and the long Past of this Problem is counterbalanced by prophetic hopes and programs which involve a very deliberate and creative view of the Future.
This little book is the partial record of an investigation of the Jewish Question. It is printed to enable interested readers to inform themselves on the data published in The Dearborn Independent prior to Oct. 1, 1920. The demand for back copies of the paper was so great that the supply was exhausted early, as was also a large edition of a booklet containing the first nine articles of the series. The investigation still proceeds, and the articles will continue to appear as heretofore until the work is done.
The motive of this work is simply a desire to make facts known to the people. Other motives have, of course, been ascribed to it. But the motive of prejudice or any form of antagonism is hardly strong enough to support such an investigation as this. Moreover, had an unworthy motive existed, some sign of it would inevitably appear in the work itself. We confidently call the reader to witness that the tone of these articles is all that it should be. The International Jew and his satellites, as the conscious enemies of all that Anglo-Saxons mean by civilization, are not spared, nor is that unthinking mass which defends anything that a Jew does, simply because it has been taught to believe that what Jewish leaders do is Jewish. Neither do these articles proceed upon a false emotion of brotherhood and apology, as if this stream of doubtful tendency in the world were only accidentally Jewish. We give the facts as we find them; that of itself is sufficient protection against prejudice or passion.
This volume does not complete the case by any means. But it brings the reader along one step. In future compilations of these and subsequent articles the entire scope of the inquiry will more clearly appear.
October, 1920.
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“Among the distinguishing mental and moral traits of the Jews may be mentioned: distaste for hard or violent physical labor; a strong family sense and philoprogenitiveness; a marked religious instinct; the courage of the prophet and martyr rather than of the pioneer and soldier; remarkable power to survive in adverse environments, combined with great ability to retain racial solidarity; capacity for exploitation, both individual and social; shrewdness and astuteness in speculation and money matters generally; an Oriental love of display and a full appreciation of the power and pleasure of social position; a very high average of intellectual ability.”
—The New International Encyclopedia.
The Jew in Character and Business
The Jew is again being singled out for critical attention throughout the world. His emergence in the financial, political and social spheres has been so complete and spectacular since the war, that his place, power and purpose in the world are being given a new scrutiny, much of it unfriendly. Persecution is not a new experience to the Jew, but intensive scrutiny of his nature and super-nationality is. He has suffered for more than 2,000 years from what may be called the instinctive anti-Semitism of the other races, but this antagonism has never been intelligent nor has it been able to make itself intelligible. Nowadays, however, the Jew is being placed, as it were, under the microscope of economic observation that the reasons for his power, the reasons for his separateness, the reasons for his suffering may be defined and understood.
In Russia he is charged with being the source of Bolshevism, an accusation which is serious or not according to the circle in which it is made; we in America, hearing the fervid eloquence and perceiving the prophetic ardor of young Jewish apostles of social and industrial reform, can calmly estimate how it may be. In Germany he is charged with being the cause of the Empire’s collapse and a very considerable literature has sprung up, bearing with it a mass of circumstantial evidence that gives the thinker pause. In England he is charged with being the real world ruler, who rules as a supernation over the nations, rules by the power of gold, and who plays nation against nation for his own purposes, remaining himself discreetly in the background. In America it is pointed out to what extent the elder Jews of wealth and the younger Jews of ambition swarmed through the war organizations—principally those departments which dealt with the commercial and industrial business of war, and also the extent to which they have clung to the advantage which their experience as agents of the government gave them.
In simple words, the question of the Jews has come to the fore, but like other questions which lend themselves to prejudice, efforts will be made to hush it up as impolitic for open discussion. If, however, experience has taught us anything it is that questions thus suppressed will sooner or later break out in undesirable and unprofitable forms.
The Jew is the world’s enigma. Poor in his masses, he yet controls the world’s finances. Scattered abroad without country or government, he yet presents a unity of race continuity which no other people has achieved. Living under legal disabilities in almost every land, he has become the power behind many a throne. There are ancient prophecies to the effect that the Jew will return to his own land and from that center rule the world, though not until he has undergone an assault by the united nations of mankind.
The single description which will include a larger percentage of Jews than members of any other race is this: he is in business. It may be only gathering rags and selling them, but he is in business. From the sale of old clothes to the control of international trade and finance, the Jew is supremely gifted for business. More than any other race he exhibits a decided aversion to industrial employment, which he balances by an equally decided adaptability to trade. The Gentile boy works his way up, taking employment in the productive or technical departments; but the Jewish boy prefers to begin as messenger, salesman or clerk—anything—so long as it is connected with the commercial side of the business. An early Prussian census illustrates this characteristic: of a total population of 269,400, the Jews comprised six per cent or 16,164. Of these, 12,000 were traders and 4,164 were workmen. Of the Gentile population, the other 94 per cent, or 153,236 people, there were only 17,000 traders.
A modern census would show a large professional and literary class added to the traders, but no diminution of the percentage of traders and not much if any increase in the number of wage toilers. In America alone most of the big business, the trusts and the banks, the natural resources and the chief agricultural products, especially tobacco, cotton and sugar, are in the control of Jewish financiers or their agents. Jewish journalists are a large and powerful group here. “Large numbers of department stores are held by Jewish firms,” says the Jewish Encyclopedia, and many if not most of them are run under Gentile names. Jews are the largest and most numerous landlords of residence property in the country. They are supreme in the theatrical world. They absolutely control the circulation of publications throughout the country. Fewer than any race whose presence among us is noticeable, they receive daily an amount of favorable publicity which would be impossible did they not have the facilities for creating and distributing it themselves. Werner Sombart, in his “Jew and Modern Capitalism” says, “If the conditions in America continue to develop along the same lines as in the last generation, if the immigration statistics and the proportion of births among all the nationalities remain the same, our imagination may picture the United States of fifty or a hundred years hence as a land inhabited only by Slavs, Negroes and Jews, wherein the Jews will naturally occupy the position of economic leadership.” Sombart is a pro-Jewish writer.
The question is, If the Jew is in control, how did it happen? This is a free country. The Jew comprises only about three per cent of the population; to every Jew there are 97 Gentiles; to the 3,000,000 Jews in the United States there are 97,000,000 Gentiles. If the Jew is in control, is it because of his superior ability, or is it because of the inferiority and don’t-care attitude of the Gentiles?
It would be very simple to answer that the Jews came to America, took their chances like other people and proved more successful in the competitive struggle. But that would not include all the facts. And before a more adequate answer can be given, two points should be made clear. This first is this: all Jews are not rich controllers of wealth. There are poor Jews aplenty, though most of them even in their poverty are their own masters. While it may be true that the chief financial controllers of the country are Jews, it is not true that every Jew is one of the financial controllers of the country. The classes must be kept distinct for a reason which will appear when the methods of the rich Jews and the methods of the poor Jews to gain power are differentiated. Secondly, the fact of Jewish solidarity renders it difficult to measure Gentile and Jewish achievements by the same standard. When a great block of wealth in America was made possible by the lavish use of another block of wealth from across the seas; that is to say, when certain Jewish immigrants came to the United States with the financial backing of European Jewry behind them, it would be unfair to explain the rise of that class of immigration by the same rules which account for the rise of, say, the Germans or the Poles who came here with no resource but their ambition and strength. To be sure, many individual Jews come in that way, too, with no dependence but themselves, but it would not be true to say that the massive control of affairs which is exercised by Jewish wealth was won by individual initiative; it was rather the extension of financial control across the sea.
That, indeed, is where any explanation of Jewish control must begin. Here is a race whose entire period of national history saw them peasants on the land, whose ancient genius was spiritual rather than material, bucolic rather than commercial, yet today, when they have no country, no government, and are persecuted in one way or another everywhere they go, they are declared to be the principal though unofficial rulers of the earth. How does so strange a charge arise, and why do so many circumstances seem to justify it?
Begin at the beginning. During the formative period of their national character the Jews lived under a law which made plutocracy and pauperism equally impossible among them. Modern reformers who are constructing model social systems on paper would do well to look into the social system under which the early Jews were organized. The Law of Moses made a “money aristocracy,” such as Jewish financiers form today, impossible because it forbade the taking of interest. It made impossible also the continuous enjoyment of profit wrung out of another’s distress. Profiteering and sheer speculation were not favored under the Jewish system. There could be no land-hogging; the land was apportioned among the people, and though it might be lost by debt or sold under stress, it was returned every 50 years to its original family ownership, at which time, called “The Year of Jubilee,” there was practically a new social beginning. The rise of great landlords and a moneyed class was impossible under such a system, although the interim of 50 years gave ample scope for individual initiative to assert itself under fair competitive conditions.
If, therefore, the Jews had retained their status as a nation, and had remained in Palestine under the Law of Moses, they would hardly have achieved the financial distinction which they have since won. Jews never got rich out of one another. Even in modern times they have not become rich out of each other but out of the nations among whom they dwelt. Jewish law permitted the Jew to do business with a Gentile on a different basis than that on which he did business with a brother Jew. What is called “the Law of the Stranger” was defined thus: “unto a stranger thou mayest lend upon usury; but unto thy brother thou shalt not lend upon usury.”
Being dispersed among the nations, but never merging themselves with the nations and never losing a very distinctive identity, the Jew has had the opportunity to practice “the ethics of the stranger” for many centuries. Being strangers among strangers, and often among cruelly hostile strangers, they have found this law a compensating advantage. Still, this alone would not account for the Jew’s preeminence in finance. The explanation of that must be sought in the Jew himself, his vigor, resourcefulness and special proclivities.
Very early in the Jewish story we discover the tendency of Israel to be a master nation, with other nations as its vassals. Notwithstanding the fact that the whole prophetic purpose with reference to Israel seems to have been the moral enlightenment of the world through its agency, Israel’s “will to mastery” apparently hindered that purpose. At least such would seem to be the tone of the Old Testament. Divinely ordered to drive out the Canaanites that their corrupt ideas might not contaminate Israel, the Jews did not obey, according to the old record. They looked over the Canaanitish people and perceived what great amount of man-power would be wasted if they were expelled, and so Israel enslaved them—“And it came to pass, when Israel was strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute, and did not utterly drive them out.” It was this form of disobedience, this preference of material mastery over spiritual leadership, that marked the beginning of Israel’s age-long disciplinary distress.
The Jews’ dispersion among the nations temporarily (that is, for more than 25 centuries now) changed the program which their scriptures declare was divinely planned, and that dispersion continues until today. There are spiritual leaders in modern Judaism who still claim that Israel’s mission to the nations is spiritual, but their assertions that Israel is today fulfilling that mission are not as convincing as they might be if accompanied by more evidence. Israel throughout the modern centuries is still looking at the Gentile world and estimating what its man-power can be made to yield. But the discipline upon Israel still holds; he is an exile from his own land, condemned to be discriminated against wherever he goes, until the time when exile and homelessness shall end in a re-established Palestine, and Jerusalem again the moral center of the earth, even as the elder prophets have declared.
Had the Jew become an employe, a worker for other men, his dispersion would not probably have been so wide. But becoming a trader, his instincts drew him round the habitable earth. There were Jews in China at an early date. They appeared as traders in England at the time of the Saxons. Jewish traders were in South America 100 years before the Pilgrim Fathers landed at Plymouth Rock. Jews established the sugar industry in the Island of St. Thomas in 1492. They were well established in Brazil when only a few villages dotted the eastern coast of what is now the United States. And how far they penetrated when once they came here is indicated by the fact that the first white child born in Georgia was a Jew—Isaac Minis. The Jew’s presence round the earth, his clannishness with his own people, made him a nation scattered among the nations, a corporation with agents everywhere.
Another talent, however, contributed greatly to his rise in financial power—his ability to invent new devices for doing business. Until the Jew was pitted against the world, business was very crudely done. And when we trace the origins of many of the business methods which simplify and facilitate trade today, more likely than not we find a Jewish name at the end of the clue. Many of the indispensable instruments of credit and exchange were thought out by Jewish merchants, not only for use between themselves, but to check and hold the Gentiles with whom they dealt. The oldest bill of exchange extant was drawn by a Jew—one Simon Rubens. The promissory note was a Jewish invention, as was also the check “payable to bearer.”
An interesting bit of history attaches to the “payable to bearer” instrument. The Jews’ enemies were always stripping them of their last ounce of wealth, yet strangely, the Jews recovered very quickly and were soon rich again. How this sudden recovery from looting and poverty? Their assets were concealed under “bearer” and so a goodly portion was always saved. In an age when it was lawful for any pirate to seize goods consigned to Jews, the Jews were able to protect themselves by consigning goods on policies that bore no names.
The influence of the Jew was to center business around goods instead of persons. Previously all claims had been against persons; the Jew knew that the goods were more reliable than the persons with whom he dealt, and so he contrived to have claims laid against goods. Besides, this device enabled him to keep himself out of sight as much as possible. This introduced an element of hardness into business, inasmuch as it was goods which were being dealt in rather than men being dealt with, and this hardness remains. Another tendency which survives and which is of advantage in veiling the very large control which Jews have attained, is of the same origin as “bearer” bills; it permits a business dominated by Jewish capital to appear under a name that gives no hint of Jewish control.
The Jew is the only and original international capitalist, but as a rule he prefers not to emblazon that fact upon the skies; he prefers to use Gentile banks and trust companies as his agents and instruments. The suggestive term “Gentile front” often appears in connection with this practice.
The invention of the stock exchange is also credited to Jewish financial talent. In Berlin, Paris, London, Frankfort and Hamburg, Jews were in control of the first stock exchanges, while Venice and Genoa were openly referred to in the talk of the day as “Jew cities” where great trading and banking facilities might be found. The Bank of England was established upon the counsel and assistance of Jewish emigrants from Holland. The Bank of Amsterdam and the Bank of Hamburg both arose through Jewish influence.
There is a curious fact to be noted in connection with the persecution and consequent wanderings of the Jews abou